Topics
Population : Part - 1
- Distribution of Population in India
- Population Distribution in the World
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Geographical Factors Affecting Population Distribution - Physical Factors
- Geographical Factors Affecting Population Distribution - Human Factors
- Components of Population Change
- Trends in Population Growth
- Overview of Population : Part - 1
Population : Part - 2
- Population Composition
- Migration
- Reasons for Migration
- Impact of Migration on Population
- Overview of Population : Part - 2
Human Settlements and Land Use
- Human Settlements
- Types of Settlement
- Types of Urban Settlements
- Land Use
- Land Use Classification
- Land Use in Rural Area
- Land Use in Urban Areas
- Rural-urban Fringe
- Suburbs
- Overview of Human Settlements and Land Use
Primary Economic Activities
- Primary Occupations
- Hunting
- Gathering
- Lumbering
- Fishing
- Mining
- Agriculture
- Overview of Primary Economic Activities
Secondary Economic Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Physical Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Economic Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Political Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Other Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Footloose Industries
- Major Industrial Regions
- Major Industrial Regions
- Classification of Industries
- Overview of Secondary Economic Activities
Tertiary Economic Activities
- Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities
- Transport
- Concept of Trade
- Importance of Transport in Trade
- Tourism
- Communication
- Overview of Tertiary Economic Activities
Region and Regional Development
- Regions
- Types of Regions
- Regional Development
- Factors Affecting Regional Development
- Physical Factors and Regional Development
- Population and Regional Development
- Land Use and Regional Development
- Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Economic Activities and Regional Development
- Regional Imbalance
- Causes of Regional Imbalances in India
- Strategies to Reduce Regional Imbalance
- Overview of Region and Regional Development
Geography : Nature and Scope
- Nature of Geography as a Discipline
- Scope of Geography
- Latest Trends in Geography
- Overview of Geography : Nature and Scope
Maharashtra State Board: Class 5
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education: Class 10
National Testing Agency: Class 12
Meaning
Agriculture is the process of producing food for people, fodder for cattle, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock).
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education: Class 10
Determinants of Agriculture
- Physical factors - climate, relief, soil type.
- Institutional factors - land tenure/ownership systems.
- Infrastructural factors - availability of irrigation, storage, markets.
- Technological factors - use of HYV seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, greenhouses, polyhouses.
Types of Agriculture
| Type | Key Feature |
|---|---|
| Subsistence | Farming primarily for self-consumption |
| Shifting | Land is cleared and used for a few seasons, then abandoned |
| Intensive | High input and output per unit of land |
| Extensive | Large land area with relatively lower inputs |
| Plantation | Large-scale, single-crop commercial farming |
| Horticulture | Cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants |
| Market Gardening | Farming specifically oriented toward supplying urban markets |
Land Reforms
- Land ceiling — legal upper limit on the amount of land one person/family can own.
- Aimed at redistributing surplus land to landless farmers.
Green Revolution
- Involved adoption of HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds.
- Supported by use of fertilizers and insecticides.
- Increased marketed surplus (portion of produce sold in the market).
- Associated with subsidies on agricultural inputs.
Marketed Surplus
- The portion of agricultural produce that a farmer sells in the market (beyond self-consumption).
- Influenced by the scale of production and access to markets.
Agriculture in Tamil Nadu
- The state has distinct agro-climatic zones.
- Has specific crop patterns suited to regional conditions.
- Ranks among the leading states in certain crop production categories.
- Declining net sown area is a noted trend.
- Shift from rural to urban economic activity is observed.
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education: Class 12
Key Trends
- Declining net sown area in India over time.
- Growing use of technology: greenhouses and polyhouses for controlled farming.
- Agricultural subsidies remain a debated policy issue.
- Rural-to-urban economic shift affecting agricultural workforce.
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education: Class 10, 12
National Testing Agency: Class 12
Key Points: Agriculture
- Agriculture depends on physical, institutional, infrastructural, and technological factors.
- Farming includes subsistence, plantation, and market gardening, based on local conditions.
- Land reforms aimed to reduce unequal land ownership.
- The Green Revolution increased crop production using HYV seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.
- Agricultural subsidies support farmers but remain debated.
- Tamil Nadu has different agro-climatic zones with specific crops and a declining net sown area.
- Across India, urbanization has reduced the net sown area as the economy shifts away from agriculture.
Test Yourself
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [82]
Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding:
|
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. he government in the post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. High yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana and parts of western Uttar Pradesh. In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not highyielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in the situations of adversities. |
- Why was Green revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?
- Justify the following statement with valid explanation:
‘Green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during time of shortage’.
