Topics
Population : Part - 1
- Distribution of Population in India
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Geographical Factors Affecting Population Distribution
- Geographical Factors Affecting Population Distribution - Physical Factors
- Geographical Factors Affecting Population Distribution - Human Factors
- Components of Population Change
- Trends in Population Growth
- Overview of Population : Part - 1
Population : Part - 2
- Population Composition
- Migration
- Reasons for Migration
- Impact of Migration on Population
- Overview of Population : Part - 2
Human Settlements and Land Use
- Human Settlements
- Types of Settlement
- Types of Urban Settlements
- Land Use
- Land Use Classification
- Land Use in Rural Area
- Land Use in Urban Areas
- Rural-urban Fringe
- Suburbs
- Overview of Human Settlements and Land Use
Primary Economic Activities
- Primary Occupations
- Hunting
- Gathering
- Lumbering
- Fishing
- Mining
- Agriculture
- Overview of Primary Economic Activities
Secondary Economic Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Physical Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Economic Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Political Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Other Factors Affecting Secondary Economic Activities
- Footloose Industries
- Major Industrial Regions
- Major Industrial Regions
- Classification of Industries
- Overview of Secondary Economic Activities
Tertiary Economic Activities
- Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities
- Transport
- Concept of Trade
- Importance of Transport in Trade
- Tourism
- Communication
- Overview of Tertiary Economic Activities
Region and Regional Development
- Regions
- Types of Regions
- Regional Development
- Factors Affecting Regional Development
- Physical Factors and Regional Development
- Population and Regional Development
- Land Use and Regional Development
- Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Economic Activities and Regional Development
- Regional Imbalance
- Causes of Regional Imbalances in India
- Strategies to Reduce Regional Imbalance
- Overview of Region and Regional Development
Geography : Nature and Scope
- Nature of Geography as a Discipline
- Scope of Geography
- Latest Trends in Geography
- Overview of Geography : Nature and Scope
- Agricultural Seasons
- Agricultural Work
- Traditional Agriculture
- Land Reforms and Structural Changes in Agriculture
- Green Revolution and Agricultural Self-Sufficiency
- Subsidies and Support for Farmers
- Employment Trends and Sectoral Imbalance
Agricultural Seasons:
We get food from plants. For that purpose, we sow grains in fields and plant fruit trees in orchards. About 60% of the land in our country is used for agriculture. There are two main agricultural seasons in our country.
| Season | Time Period | Water Source | Examples of Crops |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kharif Season | June to October | Mainly watered by rain | Rice, maize, cotton, and millets |
| Rabi Season | October to March | Watered by rainwater soaked into the soil, retreating monsoons, and dew | Wheat, barley, peas, and mustard |
| Summer Crops | March to June | Grown during the summer months with irrigation | Cucumbers, watermelons, and pumpkins |
Agricultural Work:
Every farmer wishes to get a good harvest. A good harvest provides a good income. Fertile land, good-quality seeds and fertilisers, and water availability are essential for a good harvest. Tilling the land is also necessary. The crop in the field must be protected, and the harvested crop must also be stored safely. All of these processes are important. The population of our country is increasing, and still, the needs of all the people are being met. This has been possible because of modern, improved methods of agriculture.
Traditional Agriculture:
- In traditional agricultural methods, ploughing, tilling, etc., were done with oxen.
- A 'mot’ (a huge leather bag) driven with the help of oxen was used to draw water from the well.
- Harvesting, threshing, etc., was done by the members of the farmer’s family themselves with the help of oxen.
However, farmers now carry out all these tasks with the help of machines.
Ploughing the land
Key Points: Agriculture
- Govt aimed at growth with equity via land reforms + Green Revolution.
- Land reforms: removed zamindars, gave land to tillers; land ceiling planned but weakly implemented, real success mainly in Kerala, West Bengal.
- Green Revolution: HYV seeds + fertilisers + irrigation → big rise in wheat/rice, richer states first, later spread → self-sufficiency in food grains and more marketed surplus.
- Subsidies (water, power, fertilisers): helped small farmers use new tech but caused waste, environmental damage, and burden on govt, so there is debate on reforming them.
- 1950–1990 problem: agri share in GDP fell, but most people still in agriculture because industry and services did not absorb extra workers → seen as policy failure.
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [74]
Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding:
|
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. he government in the post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. High yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana and parts of western Uttar Pradesh. In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not highyielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in the situations of adversities. |
- Why was Green revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?
- Justify the following statement with valid explanation:
‘Green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during time of shortage’.
