Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
What role does the molecular interaction play in a solution of alcohol and water?
Advertisements
उत्तर
- Alcohol and water both have a strong tendency to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
- On mixing the two, a solution is formed as a result of the formation of H-bonds between alcohol and H2O molecules, but these interactions are weaker and less extensive than those in pure H2O.
- Thus, they show a positive deviation from ideal behaviour. As a result, the alcohol-water solution will have a higher vapour pressure and a lower boiling point than water-alcohol.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
How is the sign of ΔmixH related to positive deviations from Raoult’s law?
Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pair.
Acetonitrile (CH3CN) and acetone (C3H6O)
Vapour pressure of pure acetone and chloroform at 328 K are 741.8 mm Hg and 632.8 mm Hg respectively. Assuming that they form ideal solution over the entire range of composition, plot Ptotal, `P_"chloroform"` and `P_"acetone"` as a function of `chi_"acetone"`. The experimental data observed for different compositions of mixtures is:
| `bb(100 xx chi_"acetone")` | `bb(P_"acetone"//"mm Hg")` | `bb(P_"chloroform"//"mm Hg")` |
| 0 | 0 | 632.8 |
| 11.8 | 54.9 | 548.1 |
| 23.4 | 110.1 | 469.4 |
| 36.0 | 202.4 | 359.7 |
| 50.8 | 322.7 | 257.7 |
| 58.2 | 405.9 | 193.6 |
| 64.5 | 454.1 | 161.2 |
| 72.1 | 521.1 | 120.7 |
Plot this data also on the same graph paper. Indicate whether it has a positive or negative deviation from the ideal solution.
Which one of the following is incorrect for an ideal solution?
The KH for the solution of oxygen dissolved in water is 4 × 104 atm at a given temperature. If the partial pressure of oxygen in air is 0.4 atm, the mole fraction of oxygen in solution is ______.
For ideal solution the enthalpy of mixing of the pure components to form the solution is ____________.
Which of the following condition is not satisfied by an ideal solution?
Intermolecular forces between two benzene molecules are nearly of same strength as those between two toluene molecules. For a mixture of benzene and toluene, which of the following are not true?
(i) ∆mix H = zero
(ii) ∆mix V = zero
(iii) These will form minimum boiling azeotrope.
(iv) These will not form ideal solution.
Concentration terms such as mass percentage, ppm, mole fraction and molality are independent of temperature, however molarity is a function of temperature. Explain.
Why soda water bottle kept at room temperature fizzes on opening?
What is “semi permeable membrane”?
Dissociation constant and molar conductance of an acetic acid solution are 1.78 × 10–5 mol L–1 and 48.15 S cm–2 mol–1 respectively. The conductivity of the solution is (considering molar conductance at infinite dilution is 390.5 S cm–2 mol–1)
The pH of a solution of hydrochloric acid is 1.5. Calculate the concentration of the acid.
Assertion (A): The enthalpy of mixing Δmix H is equal to zero for an ideal solution.
Reason (R): For an ideal solution the interaction between solute and solvent molecules is stronger than the interactions between solute-solute or solvent-solvent molecules.
Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pair.
n-hexane and n-octane
Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interaction in the following pair.
NaClO4 and water
