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प्रश्न
What is meant by homologous series of carbon compounds?
What are homologous series of carbon compounds?
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उत्तर
Organic compounds that have similar general formulas belong to a series called the homologous series. The chemical properties of the organic compounds in the homologous series are the same because of the presence of the same functional group.
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, etc. form such series in which their respective members differ in mass by 14 atomic mass units. Each member in the series differs from the previous one by a CH2 group.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the molecular formula of two consecutive members of homologous series of aldehydes. State which part of these compounds determines their
- physical and
- chemical properties
Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group – OH
Give the molecular formula of one homologue of each of the following:
C2H6
Give the structure of the second member of the alcohol group.
What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues:
(i) In terms of molecular mass
(ii) In terms of number and kind of atoms per molecule?
Haloalkanes react with alkalies to produce alcohol. Give the equation for the preparation of the second member of the homologous series of alcohol. State under what condition the reaction occurs.
Complete the following table for homologous series of Alkenes.
| Name | Molecular formula | Condensed structural formula | Number of carbon atom | Number of -CH2- units | Boiling point °C |
| Ethene | C2H4 | CH2 = CH2 | 2 | 0 | -102 |
| Propene | C3H6 | CH3–CH = CH2 | 3 | 1 | -48 |
| 1-Butene | C4H8 | CH3–CH2–CH = CH2 | ______ | ______ | -6.5 |
| 1-Pentene | C5H10 | CH3–CH2–CH2–CH = CH2 | ______ | ______ | 30 |
Observe the structural formula and answer the following questions.
- Write the name of the given hydrocarbon.
- The given hydrocarbon is included in which type of hydrocarbon?
- What is the kind of compounds with the above characteristic structure called?
Study and complete the following table:
| Homologous series | Alkane | Alkyne |
| General formula | CnH2n+2 | 1. ______ |
| IUPAC name | 2. ______ | Ethyne |
| Common name | Marsh gas | 3. ______ |
A carbon compound ‘A’ having melting point 156K and boiling point 351K, with molecular formula C2H6O is soluble in water in all proportions.
- Identify ‘A’ and draw its electron dot structure.
- Give the molecular formulae of any two homologues of ‘A’.
