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प्रश्न
This short story revolves around a single important event. Discuss how the narrative is woven around this central fact.
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उत्तर
The story has a simple plot and revolves around it. Iona Potapov, an aging man, a poor Russian cab driver lost his dear son earlier week. A load that he carries, weighing his heart, Iona wishes to speak and share his grief desperately with someone. Thus, on finding no companion or friend to mourn over his grief he tries to share it with everyone he comes across. He tries to share it with the passengers that board his sled only to find how disinterested everyone is in his story. His agony grows and he is thrown into despair. All the while there is one thing that remains constant in the story, the loss Iona suffers, and his attempt to overcome it. So, overwhelmed is the old father that he finally decides to go on and talk his heart out to his horse. The horse proves to be a true companion and listens to Iona's story patiently while munching hay.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. (3)
Describe the mental condition of the voyagers on 4 and 5 January.
Look for a story, a poem and a newspaper article on environment conservation and see how the style of each is different from the other.
Indian society has moved a long way from the way the marriage is arranged in the story. Discuss.
How does the nightingale's song plunge the poet into a state of ecstasy?
'He is free to play the flute all day as well-fed tigers and fat sheep drink from the same pond
with a full stomach for a common bond.'
What do the phrases 'play the flute all day' and 'a common bond' refer to?
Make groups and discuss the following:
What fatal dangers/problems did mankind face centuries ago, but are no longer a threat today?
Using a dictionary/internet note down the main difference between self-reliant and self-assured.
Make a list of archaic words from the poem and give their modern equivalents.
Which two sayings about God are conveyed through the poem 'The Plate of Gold'?
- God helps those, who help themselves.
- God loves those, who love their fellow beings.
- God loves those, who give away their wealth, to please Him.
- Service to mankind is service to God.
Using points from the lesson, give the details of the following in a short paragraph.
The kite Bazar of Ahmedabad.
Discuss in your group and write down the most important reason, why Pediatrician and Veterinarians have, a tougher job to diagnose their patients' illnesses.
Expand the idea inherent in the following proverb :
If winter comes, can spring be far behind? - Shelley
A past student of your school has cleared his UPSC examination and being an IAS officer has been appointed as a Collector of your district. Write a formal letter to invite him to your school to share the story of his success, at a special function.
What would happen if children didn’t go to school? Discuss the question in groups of 5-8 and prepare a short composition on it.
Read the passage and answer the following question:
What is 'Param Vir Chakra'?
Describe the following with the help of the story.
The fabric is woven by Thiruvalluvar
State a type of drama each from any four periods of history.
There are some dialogues that are short, but quite effective. They give us enjoyment and add beauty to the main story. Find some more from the text.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What examples of man’s progress have been given in the poem?
Write the following in short:
What the young lawyer pleaded.
Make a chart to show the important points to remember while making a graphic presentation.
Read the passage and answer the following:
Where does the story take place?
List the phrases which have the expression 'many a ______'.
Describe the following in one or two lines.
The world around the bird’s nest.
Name the following.
Pounced on Dhyan Chand and hurt him.
What is meant by browsing or surfing?
Identify the character or speaker.
He was the chief of all spirits.
Where was the author when he heard the noise?
What made the reporter gaze at the author?
Does Chulong want to earn money honestly?
What other various pets did Somu have?
Why did Mrs. Jhunjhunwalla buy the painting?
Answer the following question based on the reading of the story. Do not forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find and confirm the answer.
| Action | Effect |
| While you warm yourself | I will prepare the best tea. |
| I saved enough money | |
| Six hundred and two villages were destroyed. | |
| It was a terrible earthquake and it was felt | |
| I ran back to the village | |
| They lifted the door | |
| I went to thank the Army Officer |
Why can’t Alice get through the little door into the garden?
Read the following lines and answer the questions.
It’s part of his hours, his days and his years,
Back of his smiles and behind his tears.
What does ‘tears’ mean?
Read the questions related to the three sports stars you have read about and tick the appropriate boxes.
 |
 |
 |
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| 1. Who won the Olympic 2016 silver medal in badminton? | |||
| 2. Who is the role model for her siblings? | |||
| 3. Whose mother tongue is Tamil? | |||
| 4. Whose attitude is 'never-say-die spirit'? | |||
| 5. Which player works in the Police Department? | |||
| 6. Which player holds the record for the highest individual score in cricket? |
Why did the girls snigger?
Gulliver was the captain of the ship.
Why did the farmer have to travel far?
The farmer was thankful at the sight of the verdant bowl because______.
In this story, what happened to the Earth?
Find the rhyming word from the poem.
alike – _________
Choose the correct option from the given homophones.
The wind ______off the leaves.
What wins the hearts?
What were the people excited about?
Which is as important as our health?
Leafcutter ants drink______.
What did the children buy with money they have?
Write the word with same meaning.
chips- ______
Match the following rhyming words.
| 1. | earn | glow |
| 2. | fend | day |
| 3. | slow | learn |
| 4. | play | end |
Match the animals with their sounds.
 |
bray |
 |
croak |
 |
bark |
 |
hum |
 |
neigh |
 |
mew |
Which creatures wake up in the morning before the child does?
While listening to the story, what did Alice see?
Why did he go there?
Who according to Gandhi, can fight against evil and how?
Look at the following non-verbal representation. Based on your understanding and inference, write a paragraph on career trends in the next decade.
What are the details not to be revealed in public domain?
Match the following items from column-A with those column-B:
| Column 'A' | Column 'Non-Textual' |
| (a) Geoffrey Chaucer | (i) Trinidad |
| (b) Daniel Defoe | (ii) Wuthering Heights |
| (c) V.S. Naipaul | (iii) Robinson Crusoe |
| (d) Emile Bronte | (iv) The Canterbury Tales |
