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प्रश्न
The number of silicon atoms per m3 is 5 × 1028. This is doped simultaneously with 5 × 1022 atoms per m3 of Arsenic and 5 × 1020 per m3 atoms of Indium. Calculate the number of electrons and holes. Given that ni= 1.5 × 1016 m−3. Is the material n-type or p-type?
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उत्तर
Number of silicon atoms, N = 5 × 1028 atoms/m3
Number of arsenic atoms, nAs = 5 × 1022 atoms/m3
Number of indium atoms, nIn = 5 × 1020 atoms/m3
Number of thermally-generated electrons, ni = 1.5 × 1016 electrons/m3
Number of electrons, ne = 5 × 1022 − 1.5 × 1016 ≈ 4.99 × 1022
Number of holes = nh
In thermal equilibrium, the concentrations of electrons and holes in a semiconductor are related as:
nenh = ni2
`therefore "n"_"h" = ("n"_"i"^2)/"n"_"e"`
`= (1.5 xx 10^16)^2/(4.99 xx 10^22) ~~ 4.51 xx 10^9`
Therefore, the number of electrons is approximately 4.99 × 1022 and the number of holes is about 4.51 × 109. Since the number of electrons is more than the number of holes, the material is an n-type semiconductor.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor. (Give any two points).
In a p-type semiconductor, the acceptor impurity produces an energy level ______
Electronic configuration of germanium is 2, 8, 18 and 4. To make it extrinsic semiconductor small quantity of antimony is added. The correct statement is ____________.
Semiconductors formed by doping germanium (Ge) with aluminium (Z = 13) and antimony (Z = 51) are ______.
In n-type semiconductor majority carriers and minority carriers are respectively ______.
In p-type semiconductor, the dopant is ______.
The electron and hole concentration in a semiconductor in thermal equilibrium is given by ______.
Explain the following term:
Extrinsic semiconductor
Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors.
The figure shows a piece of pure semiconductor S in series with a variable resistor R and a source of constant voltage V. Should the value of R be increased or decreased to keep the reading of the ammeter constant, when semiconductor S is heated? Justify your answer
Two crystals C1 and C2, made of pure silicon, are doped with arsenic and aluminium respectively.
Identify the extrinsic semiconductors so formed.
Name the extrinsic semiconductors formed when pure germanium is doped with a trivalent impurity. Draw the energy band diagram of extrinsic semiconductors so formed.
Name the extrinsic semiconductors formed when pure germanium is doped with a Pentavalent impurity. Draw the energy band diagram of extrinsic semiconductors so formed.
- Statement I: By doping silicon semiconductor with pentavalent material, the electrons density increases.
- Statement II: The n-type semiconductor has net negative charge. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Pieces of copper and of silicon are initially at room temperature. Both are heated to temperature T. The conductivity of ______.
- Assertion (A): Putting the p-type semiconductor slab directly in physical contact with the n-type semiconductor slab cannot form the pn junction.
- Reason (R): The roughness at contact will be much more than inter atomic crystal spacing and continuous flow of charge carriers is not possible.
With an increase in the temperature, the electrical conductivity of a semiconductor ______.
