Read this Sentence. M. Hamel Had Said that He Would Question Us on Participles. in the Sentence Above, the Verb Form “Had Said” in the First Part is Used to Indicate an “Earlier Past.” - English Core

प्रश्न

Read this sentence.

M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles.

In the sentence above, the verb form “had said” in the first part is used to indicate an “earlier past.” The whole story is narrated in the past. M. Hamel’s “saying” happened earlier than the events in this story. This form of the verb is called the past perfect.

Pick out five sentences from the story with this form of verb and say why this form has been used.

संक्षेप में उत्तर

उत्तर

In the following sentences, two activities of past, occurring at two different points of time in the past, are indicated. The one that happens earlier takes the “had” + past form of verb (V₃), while the one that follows it takes the simple past form of verb (V₂).

Sentences in past perfect form	Reason/ Explanation
I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning.	The protagonist decided to depend on the commotion to sneak into the classroom before he encountered the quietness at the school.
Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat … prize days.	Getting over the fright happened before he noticed his teacher’s green coat.
…Hauser had brought an old primer, thumbed at the edge, and he held it open on his knees with his great spectacles lying across the pages.	Of the two actions, Hauser’s bringing of the old primer happened before he held it open on his knees.
It was because they were sorry, too, that they had not gone to school more.	The feeling of regret comes after they realise they did not go to school more than what they did.
My books, that had seemed such a nuisance … were old friends now that I couldn’t give up.	The books were a nuisance earlier. It is only later that the protagonist talked about them in a different light.

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Notes

A model answer has been provided for students' reference. It is strongly recommended that students prepare the answer on their own.

Tense

क्या इस प्रश्न या उत्तर में कोई त्रुटि है?

संबंधित प्रश्न

Now compare your answers with those of your partner and discuss the
following questions and write your observations in the given space.

a. Is the time referred to in the sentences always the same as the tense of
the verb? What conclusion can you draw from your observation? Write
your observation below.

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b. How have you found the tense of the verbs in the sentences above? Are
there any indicators or markers that reveal the tense of the verb? Write
your observation below.

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c. Did you find any verb form that could be called 'future form'? (You will
learn more about the different ways of talking about future later in this
unit.)

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d. Why do you think verb forms are often labelled as 'simple' or 'indefinite', 'progressive' or 'continuous', 'perfect' and 'perfect continuous'?

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Form
• Have/has+ past participle
• Have/ has+ been + past participle
Work individually

Complete the following sentences by using the present perfect form (as
given in C.l)ofthe given verbs.
a) The kids (work) really hard for the show. Now, don't cancel it, please.
b) Yippyl I (select) for the interschool dance competition!
c) I ... (contest) five elections so far.
d) John? 0, he is a delightful boy. I (know) him since his childhood.
e) ... you ever (be) to the Taj Mahal?
• The box below shows different uses or meanings of the present perfect. Match the sentences above with the uses or meanings of the present perfect they illustrate.
i) Something that has happened several times up to the present.
ii) Announcement or news of a recent event.
iii) Finished event connected with the present.
iv) An action or situation that has continued up to the present.
v} Finished event at some/ any time up to now.
Answer: i - c; ii - b; iii - a; iv - d; v - e

Complete the following sentences with the appropriate forms of the given verbs.

1. Every day I(go) to school in a bus but today I (go) by car because the bus operators are on strike.

2. "Baichung Bhutia (pass) the ball to Bannerjee; Bannerjee (take) a shot at the goal but it (be) way above the goal post. The Indians (attack) much more now ... "

3. I (think) you (make) a mistake by signing this contract.

4. The doctor (say) mother (respond) to the treatment well.

5. Farzana (be) not well. She (not come) to school today.

Present Perfect vs. Simple Past

b. What conclusion can you draw from these sentences about the use of present perfect and simple past forms of verbs?

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Look at the incomplete sentences below. Using the information provided, complete each sentence using a suitable tense. Follow the examples:

1947 until now India I has been (be) independent since 1947.

1947 India became (become) independent in 1947.

1. 1947 until now l There --------- (be) manywars.
2. 1991 There ------- (be) a war in the Persian Gulf.
3. 1953 -------- Edmund Hilary and Tensing first (climb) Everest.
4. 1953 until now Many people ________ (climb)Everest.
5. 1983 India --------- (win) the Prudential Cricket World Cup in England.
6. 1983 until now India -------- (win) many limited-overs cricket trophies.

Here is a letter Nikita wrote to her friend Susie who lives in Milan, Italy. What verb forms has she used in this letter? Bas she used a mix of verb forms? Is there any particular form that has been used more frequently?
Dear Susie
It's a beautiful Sunday morning. Rakesh is busy with some office work and the kids are playing in the park outside and I've time enough to write a quick letter to you.

So, how are you doing? How's your new novel coming along? I hear you're learning Bharatnatyam these days. Couldn't believe it when Sharon told me about it. Bhartnatyam in Milani Never knew there is an Indian Dance school in Italy. Interesting! By the way, who are you taking dance lessons from? I mean, who is your Guru? And why are you learning Bharatnatyam? Must you do everything that I do?
What happened to your plan to visit us this winter? Well, winter is round the corner. When are you coming? How long do you plan to stay? What places would you like to visit? Do let me know, will you? I'll make your itinerruy accordingly. Remember, this time when you come, you are not staying at any hotel as you did last time. You will stay with us. I have a room spare for you to stay as long as you wish. OK? As for the weather, I've already told you, winter is setting in. It's beginning to get cold, especially in the mornings and the evenings. The temperature is falling with each passing day and it's just the right kind of weather for some travel and adventure. Delhi is at its best in the early winter and it is waiting to welcome you with open arms. And how's your mom's health now? Is she keeping well? Is she getting physiotherapy done regularly? I continue to pray for her speedy recovery. I think I got to go now. The kids seem to have had a fight. I can hear the youngerone crying. These boys are giving me a difficult time! Catchyoulater. Bye
Yours
Nikita

As Susie, write a reply to Nikita's letter. Do take care to answer all the
questions Nikita has asked you. What verb forms would you like to use?
Milan
25th October, 2011
Dear Nikita

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Yours
Susie

Simple Past Tense-Past Perfect Tense

Underline the main verbs in the sentences below. Then, rewrite the sentences in the correct order of events.

1) The people began to starve.
2) In 1925, a disease destroyed the crops in one village.
3) Later, the village people came to retrieve their children
4) The chief decided to send the children of the village to live in a settlement in the next valley.
5) However, they had married outside the village.
6) This caused a war between the two villages.

__________________

Now work with your partner and tick (✓) the sentence in which a different tense has been used. In pairs, discuss why this has been done.
Sentence No: 5 uses a different tense because ..................................................................................................................................................

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The present perfect is often used with the following time expressions:

until now for many years

so far over the last few years

lately in the past few months
not yet since20xx

recently
in recent years

Choose five of these time expressions and make sentences about interesting
items of news concerning yourself.

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Now make groups of four, and tell (not read) each other your news.

What has been the situation of your village/town/city five to ten years ago and how has it changed since then? Write a short paragraph describing the changes in its size, population, traftlc, buildings, lifestyle etc. Which verb forms would you mainly use to describe the changes? (Hint: Simple Past and Present Perfect forms.)

Complete the following sentences correctly by using the simple past or
past perfect forms of the given verbs.
1) We ____ already (reach) home when Irlan __ (say) that he (forget) his books at school.

2) Wendy (wake up) late, then she ____ (miss) her school bus, so by the time she (reach) school, it already (start).

3) I ___ (visit) my town again ten years after I _____ (leave) it and ___ (find) thatit completely (change).

4) When Feroze and Mehr (meet) for the first time, they ___ _ (not like) each other but now they are married.

Carefully study each of the following events or situations described in a set of three sentences/phrases. Then, write a short paragraph to describe each event/situation as shown in the example. Your paragraph should begin with the description of the second event in each case. Use the verb form had+ past participle to describe the earliest of the past events.

• Somebody burgled the office on Sunday night.

• Our arrival at work on Monday morning .

• Police informed

We arrived at work on

Monday and found that

somebody had burgled the

office the previous night. So,

we immediately informed the police.

• (I) Mayank went out with his family.

(ii) I tried to phone him this morning.

(iii) His servant answered.

I tried to phone Mayank this

morning but the servant

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• (i) Rohit returned from holiday.(ii) Jayanti met Rohit.
(iii) Went to see a film.

Jayanti met Rohit, who

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• (I) All the arrangements were finalised for the seminar.

(ii) The seminar participants arrived in Gangtok.

(iii) Met the professors from the UK the same evening.

The participants arrived in

Gangtok. They found

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Now write short paragraphs to describe the trends in the other groups of visitors featured in the graph.

• Overseas Visitors

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• Domestic Visitors

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• Total Number ofVisitors

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Tenses -Summary

Read the biodata of Sangeeta Rani Puri, India's swimming sensation. Then, complete the interview in the spaces provided. Do NOT add any extra information. Use appropriate tenses.

Natne : Sangeeta Rani Puri

Status : Non-resident Indian

Place of Birth : Trinidad

Place of Residence : USA

Parents : Raj Krishna Puri (Father) -fatnous immigration lawyer Moyna Margaret Puri (mother) - (from Trinidad)

Achievements records : i) six new national records in five day (Junior National Swimming Meet, Vijaywada)
ii) Senior Nationals, October 1995 (Kolkata) - Winner of seven events, five new national 29. 02 seconds - no medal.
Future Plans : I) Swimming scholarship and training in USA
ii) To represent India
iii) To win an Olympic Medal.

Interviewer: Sangeeta, since you were in India for only a short while before
you flew to Atlanta, would you tell us a little about yourself?
Sangeeta : Well, I'm an Indian and I'm proud to be one.
I: Please tell us about your parents.
S: My father ____________________
_______________________ from Trinidad.

I: Have you taken part in any of the National Championships?
S: (Very excited) Yes,_________at Vijaywada.

I: How ______________________________________________ Senior Nationals?

S: I won seven events and __________
I: How do you rate your performance in the Altanta Olympics in 1996?
S: I ___________________________ in the 50 metres freestyle. It's true that I _____________in Atlanta. But _____________________
I: Haveyou ___________________ forthefuture?
S: I in the USA. And of course I ____________for as long as possible. Also I _______________________ in the olympics.
I: Thank you, Sangeeta. I wish you all the best.
S: Thankyouverymuch.

Working with the same partner, use the information given below and
discuss the reasons for choosing a particular verb form in F .1. Then match
the information in the bubbles below with the sentences, and put the
sentence number in the space provided, as shown in the example.

1. e.g. Something is expected to happen before a particular time in the future. (Sentence No 2)

2.Statement of a universal truth or fact.

( )

3.Something is expected to
happen almost immediately

( )

4.Simple statement of future
plan or intention.

( )

5.Sure to happen at a particular time in the future, as arrangements for it
have been made.

( )

6.Statement of a planned
event expected.
( }

Work with apartner
In the following sentences, choose and circle the verb form you think best fits the meaning of each sentence. You have been provided an example.

1. Tomorrow	is will be is going to be	Wednesday.
2. The train	has left will have left is going to leave	by the time you reach the station.
3. Hurry! The film	does will is about to	start.
4. The Minister	opens is opening is about to open	the new Art Centrenext week.
5. This time next year, he	will live is living will be living	in Mumbai.
6. I	am going to be will be will have been	a nurse when I grow up

Use the correct tense form of the verb given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.

She ________ that old fashion book of her mother a few months back.

Use the correct tense form of the verb given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.

One human should _______ this for another always.

Use the correct tense form of the verb given in the bracket and rewrite the sentence.

All this ________ destroyed in a few years.