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प्रश्न
In which way have microbes played a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?
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उत्तर १
Several microorganisms are used for preparing medicines. Antibiotics are medicines produced by certain micro-organisms to kill other disease-causing microorganisms. These medicines are commonly obtained from bacteria and fungi. They either kill or stop the growth of disease-causing micro-organisms. Streptomycin, tetracycline, and penicillin are common antibiotics. Penicillium notatum produces the chemical penicillin, which checks the growth of staphylococci bacteria in the body. Antibiotics are designed to destroy bacteria by weakening their cell walls. As a result of this weakening, specific immune cells, such as the white blood cells, enter the bacterial cell and cause cell lysis. Cell lysis is the process of destroying cells such as blood cells and bacteria.
उत्तर २
Microbes have played a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria, mainly by producing antibiotics that kill or inhibit these bacteria and also by acting as biocontrol agents to manage microbial pathogens.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name any two antibiotics with their microbial source.
Give the biological name of the following:
The mould from which penicillin is obtained.
Ethanol is commercially produced through a particular species of ______.
What is the microbial source of enzyme Invertase?
The gases produced in anaerobic sludge digesters are _______.
Give any two bioactive molecules produced by microbes and state their uses.
Define the following terms
Superbug
Which of the following is/are the microbial source(s) for the enzyme pectinase?
Match Column I (Antibiotic) with Column II (Microbial Sources) and select the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Chloromycetin | a. | Streptomyces erytreus |
| ii. | Erythromycin | b. | Streptomyces venezuelae |
| iii. | Bacitracin | c. | Streptomyces aureofaciens |
| iv. | Terramycin | d. | bacillus licheniformis |
Which one of the following processes involved in alcohol production is NOT involved in wine production?
Match the following product in column - I with their ource in column - II. Select the correct option.
| Column - I | Column - II | ||
| (a) | Gluconic acid | (i) | Trichoderma koenigii |
| (b) | Vitamin B12 | (ii) | Streptomyces erythreus |
| (c) | Erythromycin | (iii) | Pseudomonas denitrificans |
| (d) | Cellulase | (iv) | Aspergillus niger |
Match the following list of bacteria and their commercially important products:
| Bacterium | Product |
| A. Aspergillus niger | i. Lactic acid |
| B. Acetobacter aceti | ii. Butyric acid |
| C. Clostridium butylicum | iii. Acetic acid |
| D. Lactobacillus | iv. Citric acid |
Choose the correct match:
How was penicillin discovered?
Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of Penicillin as an antibiotic?
Name the drug a patient who has undergone a successful organ transplant, has to take all his/her life.
State the most important contribution of the following microbes for human welfare:
Monascus purpureus
State the most important contribution of the following microbes for human welfare:
Trichoderma Polysporum
Given below are the list of the commercially important products and their source organisms. Select the option that gives the correct matches.
| List A | List B | ||
| S. No. | Bioactive Products | S. No. |
Microbes (Source Organism) |
| (A) | Cyclosporin - A | (i) | Streptococcus |
| (B) | Statins | (ii) | Trichoderma polysporum |
| (C) | Streptokinase | (iii) | Penicillium notatum |
| (D) | Penicillin | (iv) | Monascus purpureus |
Write the microbial source of following organic acid.
Citric acid
Why are some molecules called bioactive molecules?
Match the following organic acid from column - I with their use in column - II.
| Column - I | Column - II | ||
| i. | Acetic acid | a. | Confectionary |
| ii. | Citric acid | b. | As a wetting agent |
| iii. | Fumaric acid | c. | Medicine |
| iv. | Gluconic acid | d. | Vinegar |
What phase of microbial growth is associated with the production of secondary metabolites in large vessels called fermenters?
Which of the following alcoholic beverages is produced without distillation?
What is zymology?
Which organism produces the antibiotic griseofulvin?
Which microbes synthesize Vitamin B12 via fermentation?
Which bacterium is used for microbial fermentation to produce lysine as an animal feed supplement?
