Topics
Basic Concepts in Economics
- Branches of Science
- Natural Science
- Social Science
- Concept of Economics
- Kautilya's Views on Economics
- Types of Economic Systems
- Capitalism
- Socialism
- Mixed Economy
- Branches of Economics
- Microeconomics
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Want
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Goods and Services
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Value
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Wealth
- Microeconomics > Personal Income
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Personal Disposable Income
- Microeconomics > Economic Activity
- Types of Income
- Concept of Economic Good
- Macroeconomics
- Cyclical Unemployment
- Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development
Money
Partition Values
The Economy of Maharashtra
- Formation and Economic Progress of Maharashtra
- Administrative Divisions of Maharashtra
- Important Features of the Economy of Maharashtra
- Economic Development of Maharashtra
- Agricultural Sector
- Industrial Growth in Maharashtra
- Service Sector
- Core Areas of Service Sector
- Economic Infrastructure of Maharashtra
- Social Infrastructure of Maharashtra
- Measures for Social Infrastructure: Education
- Measures for Social Infrastructure: Health Services
- Co – operative Movement in Maharashtra
- Symbols of Educational Schemes in India
- Tourism in Maharashtra
- Hospitality
- Entertainment Industry
Rural Development in India
Population in India
- Concept of Population in India
- Trends in Population Growth
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Explosion in India
- Types of Population Based on Resource Availability
- Birth Rate
- Death Rate
- Survival Rate
- Legal Age of Marriage for Males and Females in Different Countries
- The Population as a Human Resource
- Role of Human Resources in Economic Development
Unemployment in India
- Concept of Unemployment
- Important Terms of Employment and Unemployment
- Types of Unemployment
- Rural Unemployment
- Urban Unemployment
- Extent of Unemployment in India
- State-Wise Unemployment Rates in India
- Causes of Unemployment
- General Measures to Reduce Unemployment
- Effects of Unemployment
- Government Measures for Employment Generation
Poverty in India
- Concept of Poverty in India
- Prof. Amartya Sen’s Views on Poverty
- Multi-dimensional Poverty
- Key Concepts of Poverty
- Countries with Highest Extreme Poverty Rates
- Poverty Line
- Informal Sector and Related Activities
- Income Pyramid
- Types of Poverty
- Extent of Poverty in India
- Estimates of Poverty
- Causes of Poverty
- Effects of Poverty
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Understanding Maharashtra’s Tri Colour Family Ration Cards
- Eradication of Poverty
- Poverty Alleviation Programmes and Their Target Sectors
- Tracking Anti-Poverty Efforts
Economic Policy of India since 1991
- Economic Transition of India
- Main Objectives of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Features of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Public Bank Vs Private Banks Vs Foreign Banks
- Components of New Economic Policy
- Liberalisation
- Privatisation
- Globalisation
- Evaluation of the Economic Policy of 1991
- Corporate Social Responsibility
Economic Planning in India
- India’s Planning Commission
- Economic Planning in India
- Overview of the Bombay, People’s, and Gandhian Plans
- Features of Economic Planning
- Five Year Plans (FYP)
- 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
- Levels of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
- NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)
- Planning Commission VS NITI Aayog
- Introduction
- Income Groups
- Placement of Individuals in the Pyramid
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Introduction
The income pyramid is a diagram that shows how income is split among people in a society. Most people are at the bottom, earning the least, while only a few are at the top, earning the most.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Income Groups
- Low Income (Base): Largest group, least income
- Middle Income: Moderate, steady earners
- Upper Middle Income: Smaller group, higher earnings
- High Income (Top): Fewest people, greatest wealth
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Placement of Individuals in the Pyramid
| Segment | Who Belongs Here | Characteristics/Reasoning |
|---|---|---|
| High Income | CEO of a Multinational Company | Very high earnings, bonuses and shares; very few people attain this top tier. |
| Upper Middle Income | Executive in a Company | High salary, perks, and a managerial or specialised job; less than top, but well above average. |
| Middle Income | Salesman in a Shop | Steady salary, better than daily wages, but not highly affluent. |
| Low Income | Contract labourer | Lowest, often unskilled or semi-skilled, irregular or minimum wage income. |
Income Pyramid
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Real-Life Application
Think of income distribution like a sports tournament:
-
Many join (like the low-income group), but only a few reach the finals (top-income group).
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Key Point Summary
- The income pyramid shows that most people earn less, while only a small percentage enjoy high income.
- This structure helps us realise the existence and importance of addressing economic inequality.
