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Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary EducationHSC Commerce Class 12

Capital Market

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Estimated time: 8 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Meaning

  • Market for long‑term funds (debt and equity) raised within and outside the country.
  • Important part of the financial system, helps investment and economic growth.
  • Long‑term funds are demanded by agriculture, trade and industry.
  • Long‑term funds are supplied by individual savers, corporate savings, banks, insurance companies and specialized financial institutions.
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Nature of Capital Market

  • Market/medium through which long‑term funds (debt and equity) are raised and invested.
  • Channels by which community savings reach business sector and public.
  • Consists of development banks, commercial banks and stock exchanges.
  • Uses instruments: shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, public deposits.
CBSE: Class 12

Features of Capital Markets

  • Links savings and investment process.
  • Deals with long‑term and medium‑term funds.
  • Uses different intermediaries.
  • Leads to capital information.
  • Operates freely under guidance of government policies.
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Capital Market

  • Capital market is for long‑term funds (debt and equity).
  • Supports investment and economic growth.
  • Demand: agriculture, trade, industry.
  • Supply: individual savers, corporates, banks, insurance companies, special institutions.
  • Institutions and instruments: development banks, commercial banks, stock exchanges, shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, public deposits.

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