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Assertion (A): Decomposition process is slower if detritus is rich in lignin and cutin.
Reason (R): Decomposition is largely an oxygen requiring process.
Concept: Decomposition
List any four techniques where the principle of ex-situ conservation of biodiversity has been employed.
Concept: Conservation of Biodiversity
Identify ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the figure given below representing proportionate number of major vertebrate taxa.

Concept: Biodiversity
Why should we conserve biodiversity ? How can we do it?
Concept: Conservation of Biodiversity
'in-situ' Conservation can help endangered/threatened species. Justify the statement.
Concept: Conservation of Biodiversity
Name and describe any three causes of bio-diversity losses.
Concept: Conservation of Biodiversity
Explain the concept of "co-extinction" by taking two examples.
Concept: Loss of Biodiversity
List any three major causes of loss of biodiversity.
Concept: Loss of Biodiversity
Enlist two criteria that are used to identify a region for maximum protection as 'Biodiversity hotspots'.
Concept: Loss of Biodiversity
"Forests provide intangible benefits to us." Explain by taking three different areas, how.
Concept: Loss of Biodiversity
The IUCN Red Data List (2004) in the last 500 years documents the extinction of nearly 784 species including ______.
Concept: Loss of Biodiversity
State what is apomixis. Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used?
Concept: Polyembryony
Explain any three advantages that seeds offer to angiosperms.
Concept: Polyembryony
Explain the monosporic development of the embryo sac in the ovule of an angiosperm.
Concept: Development of Female Gametophyte or Embryo Sac
Describe the role of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle in a human female.
Concept: Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
Name and explain the role of the inner and middle walls of the human uterus.
Concept: Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
Draw a graafian follicle and label antrum and secondary oocyte.
Concept: Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
Explain the menstruation phases in the menstrual cycle of a human female.
Concept: Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
‘A proper understanding of the menstrual cycle can help immensely in family planning.’ Do you agree with the statement? Provide reasons for your answer.
Concept: Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
Assertion: Functional ADA cDNA genes must be inserted in the lymphocytes at the early embryonic stage.
Reason: Cells in the embryonic stage are mortal, differentiated and easy to manipulate.
Concept: Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
