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Question
Describe the role of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle in a human female.
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Solution
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone are pituitary hormones. Oestrogen and progesterone are ovarian hormones.
Functions of pituitary and ovarian hormones:
| Hormone | Functions |
| FSH | i. Stimulates the ovarian follicles to secrete oestrogen. ii. Stimulates the proliferation of the endometrium of the uterine wall. iii. Stimulates the maturation of Graafian follicles. |
| LH | i. Stimulates the release of ovum. ii. Develops corpus luteum and secretion of progesterone. iii. Maintains pregnancy |
| Oestrogen | i. Controls the changes in the secondary sex organs in the first half of the menstrual cycle. ii. Stimulates growth, maturation and functions of secondary sex organs. iii. Repairs the damaged tissues of the uterus and fallopian tubes after menstruation. iv. Stimulates the maturation of ova development of uterine lining and mammary glands. |
| Progesterone | i. Facilitates the preparation of the endometrium for implantation. ii. Inhibits the contraction of the uterus and the development of new follicles. |
RELATED QUESTIONS
Give Reasons
The chances of pregnancy to occur are most favourable on or about the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Explain.
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle? Indicate the changes in the ovary and uterus.
The following is the illustration of the sequence of ovarian events (a-i) in a human female.
Name the ovarian hormone and the pituitary hormone that have caused the above-mentioned events.
How long does the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle last?
Ovulation in the human female normally takes place during the menstrual cycle ______.
A biology student after studying the different levels of hormones during the menstrual cycle was comparing 2 subjects (Patients). A table was created after looking at the levels of hormones A and B for Subjects 1 and 2. Read the information in the table and answer the question that follows.
| HORMONE A | HORMONE B | |
| Subject 1 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | Falls down during the luteal phase. |
| Subject 2 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | The level is maintained high in the luteal phase. |
Which structure in the ovary will remain functional in subject 2?
Hormones responsible for menstrual cycle are produced from ______.
A human female experiences two major changes, menarche and menopause during her life. Mention the significance of both the events.
In the figure given below, parts A and B show the level of hormones which influence the menstrual cycle. Study the figure and answer the questions that follow:
- Name the organs which secrete the hormones represented in parts A and B.
- State the impact of the hormones in part B on the uterus of the human female during 6 to 15 days of the menstrual cycle.
The graph given below shows the number of primordial follicles per ovary in women at different ages. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
- What is the average age of the women at the onset of menopause?
- At what age are maximum primordial follicles present in the ovary, according to the given graph?
