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Question
Write chemical test to distinguish between the following compounds:
Phenol and Benzoic acid
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Solution
Phenol and Benzoic Acid can be distinguished by the iron chloride FeCl3 test. As phenol gives violet colouration with neutral FeCl3, solution while benzoic acid gives buff-coloured precipitate of ferric benzoate.
\[\ce{6C6H5OH + FeCl3 -> [\underset{Violet complex}{Fe(OC6H5)6]^{3-}} + 3H^{+} + 3HCl}\]
\[\ce{\underset{Benzoic acid}{3C6H5COOH} + FeCl3 -> \underset{Buff coloured ppt.}{(C6H5COO)3Fe} + 3HCl}\]
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