Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
What is an ion ? How is an ion formed ? Explain with the help of two examples of different ions.
Advertisements
Solution
An ion is an electrically-charged atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons.
An ion is formed when a neutral atom loses or gains electrons. This loss or gain of electrons imparts a charge (positive or negative) to the neutral atom making it an ion.
There are two different types of ions:
If a neutral atom loses an electron, an overall positive charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a positively-charged ion. A positively charged ion is called a cation. In a cation, the total number of electrons is less than the total number of protons as compared to the neutral atom. For example, sodium readily loses an electron to become a positively-charged sodium ion (Na+).
If a neutral atom gains an electron, an overall negative charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a negatively-charged ion. A negatively-charged ion is called an anion. It has more no of electrons than the number of protons compared to the neutral atom. For example, chlorine readily gains an electron to become a negatively-charged chloride ion (Cl-).
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Name the following radicals :
SO42
State whether the following statements are true or false :
A chloride ion has negative charge because it has more electrons than a neutral atom.
Explain the formation of (i) sodium ion, and (ii) chloride ion, from their respective atoms giving the number of protons and number of electrons in each one of them. What is the reason for positive charge on a sodium ion and a negative charge on a chloride ion ?
What do you understand by the following terms?
Basic radical
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Chromium sulphate
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Potassium ferrocyanide
Complete the following table.
|
Acid Radicals `→` |
Chloride |
Nitrate |
Sulphate |
Carbonate |
Hydroxide |
Phosphate |
|
Basic Radicals `↓` |
||||||
|
Magnesium |
MgCl2 |
Mg(NO3)2 |
MgSO4 |
MgCO3 |
Mg(OH)2 |
Mg3(PO4)2 |
|
Sodium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ammonium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calcium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Iron (II) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potassium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Differentiate between the following with suitable examples- A basic radical and an acid radical
Match the radicals in List I with their correct names from List II.
| List I | List II | |
| 1. `"NO"_3^(1-)` | A: Bisulphite | F: Sulphate |
| 2. `"HSO"_4^(1-)` | B: Phosphate | G: Nitrate |
| 3. `"SO"_4^(2-)` | C: Carbonate | H: Phosphite |
| 4. `"PO"_4^(3-)` | D: Nitrite | I: Sulpite |
| 5. `"HCO"_3^(1-)` | E: Bicarbonate | J: Bisulphate |
Atoms that carry positive or negative charges are called ______.
