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प्रश्न
What is an ion ? How is an ion formed ? Explain with the help of two examples of different ions.
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उत्तर
An ion is an electrically-charged atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons.
An ion is formed when a neutral atom loses or gains electrons. This loss or gain of electrons imparts a charge (positive or negative) to the neutral atom making it an ion.
There are two different types of ions:
If a neutral atom loses an electron, an overall positive charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a positively-charged ion. A positively charged ion is called a cation. In a cation, the total number of electrons is less than the total number of protons as compared to the neutral atom. For example, sodium readily loses an electron to become a positively-charged sodium ion (Na+).
If a neutral atom gains an electron, an overall negative charge is imparted to the atom and it becomes a negatively-charged ion. A negatively-charged ion is called an anion. It has more no of electrons than the number of protons compared to the neutral atom. For example, chlorine readily gains an electron to become a negatively-charged chloride ion (Cl-).
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the symbols and valencies of the following radicals:
- Magnesium ion
- Ammonium
- Carbonate
- Nitrate
- Oxide
- Bisulphate
- Aluminium ion
Define ‘formula mass’ of a compound.
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
A sulphide ion has negative charge because it contains less ....................... than ...................
What is the difference between a cation and an anion ? Explain with examples.
A particle P has 18 electrons, 20 neutrons and 19 protons. This particle must be :
The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below :
| Ion | Valency (Charge) | Ion | Valency (Charge) |
| Sodium ion | 1+ | Bromide ion | 1– |
| Ammonium ion | 1+ | Hydroxide ion | 1– |
| Calcium ion | 2+ | Sulphate ion | 2– |
| Lead ion | 2+ | Phosphate ion | 3– |
Using this information, write down the formulae of the following compounds :
(i) Sodium phosphate
(ii) Ammonium sulphate
(iii) Calcium hydroxide
(iv) Lead bromide
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Stannic oxide
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
The number of carbon atoms in a hydrogen carbonate radical is
Name the following radicals and give their valencies:
1. SO4
2. CO3
3. OH4.
4.Cr2O7
Name the following:
The radical containing one nitrogen and four hydrogen atoms.
