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Question
What is the difference between a cation and an anion ? Explain with examples.
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Solution
| 1. Cation a positively charged ion. | 1. Anion is a negatively charged ion. |
| 2. When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, it develops an overall positive charge and becomes a cation. | 2. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it develops an overall negative charge and becomes an anion. |
| 3. A cation has fewer electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. | 3. An anion has more electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. |
| 4. Example: Sodium atom readily loses an electron to form a positively charged sodium ion. Na → Na+ + e− |
4. Example: Chlorine atom accepts an electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion. Cl + e− → Cl− |
| Similarly, calcium atom loses two electrons to become a positively charged calcium ion. Thus, the cation formed has two units of positive charge. Ca → Ca2++ 2e− |
Oxygen atom readily accepts two electrons to become a negatively charged oxygen ion. Thus, the oxygen anion formed has two units of negative charge. O + 2e− → O2− |
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| 2. Permanganate | B: \[\ce{MnO_4^1-}\] |
| 3. Plumbous | C: Sn4+ |
| 4. Zincate | D: Pb2+ |
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| 7. Stannic | G: \[\ce{SO_3^2-}\] |
| 8. Nitrite | H: N3- |
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| 10. Dichromate | J: \[\ce{MnO_4^2-}\] |
| K: Hg1+ | |
| L: \[\ce{SO_4^2-}\] | |
| M: CIO1- | |
| N: \[\ce{ZnO_2^2-}\] | |
| O: \[\ce{Cr_2O_7^2-}\] | |
| P: \[\ce{CrO_4^2-}\] | |
| Q: \[\ce{ClO_3^1-}\] |
