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प्रश्न
What is the difference between a cation and an anion ? Explain with examples.
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उत्तर
| 1. Cation a positively charged ion. | 1. Anion is a negatively charged ion. |
| 2. When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, it develops an overall positive charge and becomes a cation. | 2. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it develops an overall negative charge and becomes an anion. |
| 3. A cation has fewer electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. | 3. An anion has more electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. |
| 4. Example: Sodium atom readily loses an electron to form a positively charged sodium ion. Na → Na+ + e− |
4. Example: Chlorine atom accepts an electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion. Cl + e− → Cl− |
| Similarly, calcium atom loses two electrons to become a positively charged calcium ion. Thus, the cation formed has two units of positive charge. Ca → Ca2++ 2e− |
Oxygen atom readily accepts two electrons to become a negatively charged oxygen ion. Thus, the oxygen anion formed has two units of negative charge. O + 2e− → O2− |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the symbols and valencies of the following radicals:
- Magnesium ion
- Ammonium
- Carbonate
- Nitrate
- Oxide
- Bisulphate
- Aluminium ion
A liquid compound X of molecular mass 18 u can be obtained from a number of natural sources. All the animals and plants need liquid X for their survival. When an electric current is passed through 200 grams of pure liquid X under suitable conditions, then 178 grams of gas Y and 22 grams of gas Z are produced. Gas Y is produced at the positive electrode whereas gas Z is obtained at the negative electrode. Moreover, gas Y supports combustion whereas gas Z burns itself causing explosions.
- Name (i) liquid X (ii) gas Y, and (iii) gas Z.
- What is the ratio of the mass of element Z to the mass of element Y in the liquid X ?
- Which law of chemical combination is illustrated by this example ?
- Name two sources of liquid X.
- State an important use of Y in our life.
Fill in the following blank with suitable word :
The particle which is formed by the gain of electrons by an atom is called ..............
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
A potassium ion has positive charge because it contains less............... than.....................
A particle X has 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 18 electrons. This particle is most likely to be :
Give example.
Bivalent acidic radicals
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Ferrous sulphide
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Nickel bisulphate
Fill in the blank:
A radical with one atom of sulphur and three atoms of oxygen are __________.
Match the radicals in List I with their correct names from List II.
| List I | List II | |
| 1. `"NO"_3^(1-)` | A: Bisulphite | F: Sulphate |
| 2. `"HSO"_4^(1-)` | B: Phosphate | G: Nitrate |
| 3. `"SO"_4^(2-)` | C: Carbonate | H: Phosphite |
| 4. `"PO"_4^(3-)` | D: Nitrite | I: Sulpite |
| 5. `"HCO"_3^(1-)` | E: Bicarbonate | J: Bisulphate |
