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प्रश्न
What is the difference between a cation and an anion ? Explain with examples.
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उत्तर
| 1. Cation a positively charged ion. | 1. Anion is a negatively charged ion. |
| 2. When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, it develops an overall positive charge and becomes a cation. | 2. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it develops an overall negative charge and becomes an anion. |
| 3. A cation has fewer electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. | 3. An anion has more electrons than the neutral (normal) atom of that element. |
| 4. Example: Sodium atom readily loses an electron to form a positively charged sodium ion. Na → Na+ + e− |
4. Example: Chlorine atom accepts an electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion. Cl + e− → Cl− |
| Similarly, calcium atom loses two electrons to become a positively charged calcium ion. Thus, the cation formed has two units of positive charge. Ca → Ca2++ 2e− |
Oxygen atom readily accepts two electrons to become a negatively charged oxygen ion. Thus, the oxygen anion formed has two units of negative charge. O + 2e− → O2− |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name the following radicals :
OH
Fill in the following blank with suitable word :
The particle which is formed by the gain of electrons by an atom is called ..............
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
The particle which is formed by the loss or gain of electrons by an atom is called..............
The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below :
Ion Valency Ion Valency (Charge) (Charge)
Sodium ion 1+ Nitrate ion 1–
Copper ion 2+ Sulphide ion 2–
Using this information, write down the formulae of :
- Sodium sulphide
- Copper nitrate
The valencies (or charges) of some of the ions are given below :
| Ion | Valency (Charge) | Ion | Valency (Charge) |
| Sodium ion | 1+ | Bromide ion | 1– |
| Ammonium ion | 1+ | Hydroxide ion | 1– |
| Calcium ion | 2+ | Sulphate ion | 2– |
| Lead ion | 2+ | Phosphate ion | 3– |
Using this information, write down the formulae of the following compounds :
(i) Sodium phosphate
(ii) Ammonium sulphate
(iii) Calcium hydroxide
(iv) Lead bromide
Give example.
Positive radicals
What do you understand by the following terms?
Basic radical
Write the basic radicals and acidic radicals of the following and then write the chemical formulae of these compound.
Nickel bisulphate
State if the following element or radical is divalent?
Carbide
Match the names of ions and radicals from 1 to 10 with their correct answer from A to Q.
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Hypochlorite | A: Hg2+ |
| 2. Permanganate | B: \[\ce{MnO_4^1-}\] |
| 3. Plumbous | C: Sn4+ |
| 4. Zincate | D: Pb2+ |
| 5. Nitride | E: Sn2+ |
| 6. Mercuric | F: Pb4+ |
| 7. Stannic | G: \[\ce{SO_3^2-}\] |
| 8. Nitrite | H: N3- |
| 9. Sulphite | I: \[\ce{NO_2^1-}\] |
| 10. Dichromate | J: \[\ce{MnO_4^2-}\] |
| K: Hg1+ | |
| L: \[\ce{SO_4^2-}\] | |
| M: CIO1- | |
| N: \[\ce{ZnO_2^2-}\] | |
| O: \[\ce{Cr_2O_7^2-}\] | |
| P: \[\ce{CrO_4^2-}\] | |
| Q: \[\ce{ClO_3^1-}\] |
