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Questions
Transition elements show high melting points. Why?
Explain giving reasons:
Transition elements have higher melting and boiling points.
Why do transition elements have much higher melting points?
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Solution 1
The high melting points of transition metals are attributed to the involvement of greater number of electrons in the interatomic metallic bonding from (n – 1) d-orbitals in addition to ns electrons.
Solution 2
- Transition elements have higher melting and boiling points because their atoms are held together by strong metallic bonds.
- These metallic bonds have significant covalent character due to the presence of unpaired d-electrons that overlap between atoms.
- More unpaired d-electrons mean more covalent bonding and stronger metallic bonds, which require more energy to break.
- The close-packed structures of transition metals also contribute to the strong bonding and thus high melting and boiling points.
- Melting and boiling points generally increase up to the middle of the series because the number of unpaired d-electrons also increases up to that point.
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