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Question
The table below provides you with a list of modals that are used to express necessity and permission.
| Necessity I obligation | Permission |
|
Positive must obeying have to authority need to ought to right thing should to do |
Positive can (less formal) may (more formal)
|
|
Negative must not cannot ought not to |
Negative need not do not have to
|
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Solution
For Self attempt
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
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Present Continuous
Look around your classroom and observe the activities in your school in this
period. Describe what you, your teacher or class are doing in the form of a
paragraph.
e.g. The Blue House is practising its songs for the competition. I can hear the band
which is playing patriotic tunes, in the playground.
Simple Past and Past Continuous
There was a burglary in your neighbourhood. You saw something suspicious.
Tell the police officer all about it by filling in the blanks choosing the correct
forms of the words from the options given below.
It (a) was raining last night. I (b) _________ TV. I (c) _________ a little restless. I (d) _________ to the window and was looking out when I (e) _________ that Mr Sharma, my neighbour (f) _________ near the door. I thought he had gone to shut it. I also (g) _________ Mrs Sharma walking up and down in her garden. Then I heard Mr Sharma calling his wife to come in. I (h) _________ back to my table and opened my book. I (i) _________ when I heard a thud and a scream. I (j) _________ out of the house and saw a man in a black coat and hat running towards the gate. Mr and Mrs Sharma (k) _________ in the street. I saw a car speeding away with the burglar.
(a) (i) raining (ii) was raining (iii) were raining (iv) rained
(b) (i) were watching (ii) watched (iii) was watching (iv) watching
(c) (i) has felt (ii) felt (iii) was feeling (iv) feel
(d) (i) had gone (ii) went (iii) was going (iv) gone
(e) (i) noticing (ii) was noticing (iii) were noticing (iv) noticed
(f) (i) stood (ii) were standing (iii) was standing (iv) were stood
(g) (i) seeing (ii) saw (iii) was seeing (iv) seen
(h) (i) had come (ii) was coming (iii) came (iv) were came
(i) (i) hadread (ii) was reading (iii) were reading (iv) read
m (i) rushed (ii) was rushing (iii) were rushed (iv) rushing
(k) (i) had screamed (ii) was screaming (iii) screamed (iv) were screaming
Now write three situations similar to (a) in the box. Exchange the information with your partner and guess the answer to each other's situations as in (b).
Question 1.
My dog is barking angrily and is trying to get loose.
Question 2.
The car is making a curious noise.
Question 3.
Satish enters breathing heavily.
Satish enters breathing heavily.
(4)
Will and Shall
Look at this cartoon which shows the difference in the use of present continuous and will to express the future.
It’s Mike’s birthday on January 2nd.
Discuss in groups
(a) Have you heard of the Bermuda Triangle? If so, what have you heard about it?
(b) Have you ever heard of an airplane or a boat disappearing without a trace?
(c) Can you think of an explanation for an airplane or a boat that disappeared without a trace?
On a cold winter night you hear a loud shrieking noise at repeated intervals. What might have caused this?
Write down your ideas using the pattern below.
| it |
might could must |
have been |
the owl hooting a ghost____________ |
Match the sentences in A with their meanings in B.
| A | B |
|
You should have taken your keys. You could/might have lost your keys at the cinema. You must have left your keys at home. |
It is possible that you left your keys. You are to blame for leaving your keys. I think that you probably left your keys. |
Classification
Look at the table below, showing the different meanings of connectors. Put words from the box into the correct categories. Some have been done for you as examples.
Listen to the following conversation adapted from 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' by J. K. Rowling.
While your teacher reads the excerpt, complete the following statements.
Aunt Petunia : Wizard, indeed!
Hany Potter : You knew? You knew I'm a - a wizard?
Aunt Petunia : (shouting angrily) Knew! Knew! Of course we knew! How cold you not be, my dratted sister being what she was? Oh, she got a letter just like that and disappeared off to that - that school - and came home every holiday with her pockets full of frog-spawn, turning teacups into rats. I was the only one who saw her for what she was - a freak! But for my mother and father, oh no, it was Lily this and Lily that, they were proud of having a witch in the family! (Drawing a deep breath) Then she met that Potter at school and they left and got married and had you, and of course I knew you'd be just the same, just as strange, just as - as - abnormal - and then, if you please, she went and got herself blown up and we got landed with you!'
Harry Potter : (Listens in shocked silence). Blown up? You told me they died in a car crash!'
Hagrid : (Angrily) CAR CRASH! (Jumping to his feet) How could a car crash kill Lily an' James Potter? It's an outrage! A scandal! Harry Potter not knowin' his own story when every kid in our world knows his name!'
Harry Potter : But why? What happened?
Hagrid : (Anxiously) I never expected this. I had no idea, when Dumbledore told me there might be trouble gettin' hold of yeh, how much yeh didn't know. Ah, Hany, I don' know if I'm the right person to tell yeh - but someone's gotta -yeh can't go off to Hogwarts not knowin'. Well, it's best yeh know as much as I can tell yeh - mind, I can't tell yeh everthin', It's a great mystry, parts of it ... ' (Hagrid pauses for a moment. Sound of chair being dragged). It begins, I suppose, with - with a person called - but it's incredible yeh don't know his name, everyone in our world knows-'
Harry Potter : Who ?
Hagrid : Well - I don't like sayin' the name if I Can help it . No one does .
Harry Potter : Why not ?
Hagrid : Gulpin' gargoyles, Harry, people are still scared. Blimey, this is difficult. See, there was this wizard who went ... bad. As bad as you could go. Worse than worse. His name was .... (Hagrid gulps but no word comes out).
Harry Potter : Could you write it down ?
Hagrid : (in a whisper) Nah - can't spell it. All right - Voldemort. (shudders) Don't make me say it again. Anyway, this - this wizard, about twenty years ago now, started lookin' fer followers. Got 'em, too - some were afraid, some
just wanted a bit o' his power, "cause he was gettin' himself power, all right. Dark days, Harry. Didn't know who to trust, didn't dare get friendly with strange wizards or witches .. Terrible things happened. He was takin' over.' Course, some stood up to him - an' he killed" em. Horribly. One o' the only safe places left was Hogwarts. Reckon Dumbledore's the only one You-Know-Who was afraid of. Didn't dare try takin' the school, not jus' then, anyway. Now, yer mum an' dad were as good a witch an' wizard as I ever knew. Head Boy an' Girl at Hogwarts in their day! Suppose the myst'ry is why You-Know-Who never tried to get 'em on his side before ... probably knew they were too close to Dumbledore to want anythin' to do with the Dark Side. Maybe thought he could persuade 'em .. maybe he just wanted 'em outta the way. All anyone knows is, he turned up in the village where you was all living, on Hallowe'en ten years ago. You was just a year old. He came toyer house an' - an'-' (Blows nose with a sound like a foghorn). Soriy. But it's that sad - knew yer mum an' dad, an' nicer people yeh couldn't find - anyway"You-Know-Who" killed 'em. An' then - an' this is the real myst'ry of the thing - he tried to kill you, too. Wanted to make a clean job of it, I suppose, or maybe he just liked killin' by then. But he couldn't do it. Never wondered how you got that mark on yer forehead? That was no ordinary cut. That's what yeh get when a powerful, evil curse touches yeh - took care of yer mum an' dad an' yer house, even - but it didn't work on you, an' that's why yer famous, Harry. No one ever lived after he decided to kill' em, no one except you, an' he'd killed some o' the best witches an' wizards of the age - the McKinnons, the Bones, the Prewetts an' your parents Harry.
1. Aunt Petunia did not like her sister and brother-in-law as ____________
2. Harry's mother had met his father at _______________
3. Harry had been told that his parents had ___________This was not the truth as ____________
4. The name of the Wizard who killed Harry Potter's parents was __________
5. Hagrid was reluctant to name _______ and called him _______
6. Harry got the scar on his forehead when _________
(9) Read these instructions from a computer operating manual.
How to start
- Link up the monitor, keyboard and printer.
- Plug in the main cable.
- Switch on the monitor at the back.
- When the light appears on the screen, place the Day Disk in Drive A.
- Push in the disk until the button clicks out.
(It takes about 30 seconds for the computer to load the programme.) - Press the Drive button and the disk shoots out.
- Replace the Day Disk with the Document Disk.
- Press function key 7.
- Start work!
Question 9.1
Convert these instructions into the past passive by filling in the blanks. The first sentence has been completed as an example.
Firstly the monitor keyboard and printer were linked up. Then the __________ was __________. The monitor __________ at the back. When the light appeared on the screen, __________ in Drive A. The disk __________ until __________. It took the computer 30 seconds to load the programme. The Drive button __________ and the disk shot out. The __________ with the Document Disk. Finally, __________
The word processor was then ready to use.
Several youngsters have problems in dealing with their parents. With your partner, discuss the difference ln views and complete the table below. Sometimes there may be no contradiction between the two views.
| Features | As we see ourselves | As our parents see us |
| How tidy we are | ||
| The types of clothes we wear | ||
| How courteous we are | ||
| How much we study | ||
| How independently are we allowed to express our opinions |
Identify the functions of the prepositions in each of these sentences.
1. George Washington served as the Commander-in-Chief during the
American Revolutionary War.
2. The assassin shot the leader with a gun.
3. Pratap bequeathed his property to charity.
4. Manoj was awarded a certificate for his good conduct.
5. The roof is covered with fire-proof sheets.
Your school is playing a football / hockey match with the neighbouring school. You are the official commentator for the match. Give a running commentary on the last few breathtaking minutes of the match.
OR
In groups of four, give a running commentary of the whole match. Each student must become the commentator at some point of time. (Your commentary should not be for more than three minutes)
