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Solve the following differential equation: dydxx2y2xydydx+x-2y2x-y=0 - Mathematics and Statistics

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Question

Solve the following differential equation:

`"dy"/"dx" + ("x" - "2y")/("2x" - "y") = 0`

Sum
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Solution

`"dy"/"dx" + ("x" - "2y")/("2x" - "y") = 0`  

∴ `"dy"/"dx" = - (("x" - "2y")/("2x" - "y"))`  ....(1)

Put y = vx

∴ `"dy"/"dx" = "v + x""du"/"dx"`

∴ (1) becomes, `"v + x" "du"/"dx" = - (("x" - "2vx")/("2x" - "vx"))`

∴ `"v + x""du"/"dx" = - ((1 - "2v")/(2 - "v"))`

∴ `"x" "dv"/"dx" = - ((1 - "2v")/(2 - "v")) - "v"`

∴ `"x" "dv"/"dx" = (- 1 + "2v" - 2"v" + "v"^2)/(2 - "v")`

∴ `"x" "dv"/"dx" = ("v"^2 - 1)/(2 - "v")`

∴ `(2 - "v")/("v"^2 - 1)"dv" = 1/"x" "dx"`

Integrating both sides, we get

`int (2 - "v")/("v"^2 - 1)"dv" = int 1/"x" "dx"`

∴ `2 int 1/("v"^2 - 1) "dv" - 1/2 int "2v"/("v"^2 - 1)"dv" = int 1/"x" "dx"`

∴ `2 xx 1/2 log |("v" - 1)/("v" + 1)| - 1/2 log |"v"^2 - 1| = log |"x"| + log "c"_1`   .....`[because "d"/"dx" ("v"^2 - 1) = "2v" and int("f"'("x"))/("f"("x")) "dx" = log |"f"("x")| + "c"]`

∴ `log |("v" - 1)/("v" + 1)| - log |("v"^2 - 1)^(1/2)| = log |"c"_1 "x"|`

∴ `log |("v" - 1)/("v" + 1) . 1/sqrt("v"^2 - 1)| = log |"c"_1 "x"|`

∴ `("v" - 1)/("v" + 1) . 1/sqrt("v"^2 - 1) = "c"_1 "x"`

∴ `("y"/"x" - 1)/("y"/"x" + 1) . 1/(sqrt("y"^2/"x"^2 - 1)) = "c"_1 "x"`

∴ `("y" - "x")/("y" + "x") . "x"/sqrt("y"^2 - "x"^2) = "c"_1"x"`

∴ `("y" - "x")/("y" + "x") = "c"_1 sqrt("y"^2 - "x"^2)`

∴ `("y" - "x")/("y" + "x") = "c"_1 sqrt(("y" - "x")("y" + "x")`

∴ `sqrt("y" - "x") = "c"_1 ("y" + "x")^(3/2)`

∴ y – x = `"c"_1^2 ("x + y")^3`

∴ y – x = c(x + y)3, where c = `"c"_1^2`

∴ y = c(x + y)3 + x

This is the general solution.

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Chapter 6: Differential Equations - Exercise 6.4 [Page 203]

APPEARS IN

SCERT Maharashtra Mathematics and Statistics (Commerce) [English] 12 Standard HSC
Chapter 1.8 Differential Equation and Applications
Q.5 | Q 2
SCERT Maharashtra Mathematics and Statistics (Arts and Science) [English] 12 Standard HSC
Chapter 2.6 Differential Equations
Attempt the following questions III | Q 2

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