Question

On the basis of the given data: 

Some Selected Indicators of Human Development, 2017-2019
Item	India	China	Pakistan
Human Development Index (Value)	0.645	0.761	0.557
Rank (based on HDI)	130	87	154
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)	69.7	76.9	67.3
Mean years of Schooling (% aged 15 and above)	6.5	8.1	5.2
Gross National Income per capita (PPP US$)	6681	16.057	5005
Percentage of people living Below Poverty Line (National)	21.9*	1.7**	24.3*
Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)	29.9	7.4	57.2
Maternal Mortality Rate (per 1 lakh births)	133	29	140
Population using at least basic Sanitation (%)	60	75	60
Population using at least basic drinking Water Source (%)	93	96	91
Percentage of Undernourished Children	37.9	8.1	37.6

1. Identify one income indicator and one health indicator, each.
2. Compare India and China on the basis of any one of the indicator identified above in part (i)

Answer 1

1. Income Indicator: Gross National Income per capita (PPP US $)
   Health Indicator: Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
2. Comparison of India and China on the basis of 'Life Expectancy at Birth': India has a birth expectancy of 69.7 years compared to China's 76.9 years. China is in front of India because its lifespan is seven years longer. It is a result of China's superior healthcare facilities. Lessing life expectancy at birth in India is caused by a lack of hospitals, poor facilities in hospitals, primary health centers in rural regions, and a shortage of specialized doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel.