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Questions
How will you distinguish NH4OH solution from NaOH solution?
How will you differentiate between ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solution?
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Solution
NH4OH and NaOH can be distinguished by using calcium salts.
For example, when NaOH is added to Ca(NO3)2, Ca(OH)2 is obtained as a white precipitate that is sparingly soluble in excess of NaOH.
\[\ce{Ca(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Ca(OH)2 + 2NaNO3}\]
When NH4OH is added to calcium salts, no precipitation of Ca(OH)2 occurs, even with an excess of NH4OH. This is because the concentration of OH−ions from the ionization of NH4OH is so low that it cannot precipitate the calcium hydroxide.
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