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Question
How will you distinguish between Ammonium hydroxide and Sodium hydroxide using copper sulphate solution?
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Solution
Ammonium hydroxide when added to copper sulphate drop-wise forms a pale blue ppt. of copper hydroxide which dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide to form a deep blue solution of tetrammine copper sulphate.
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH 
Cu OH2 + NH4 2SO4
pale blue ppt colourless in solution
With excess of NH OH ppt. dissolves
Cu OH2 + NH4 2SO4 + 2NH4OH |Cu NH3 4|SO4 + 4H2O
Tetrammine
Copper II sulphate
Sodium hydroxide when added to copper sulphate drop-wise forms a pale blue ppt. of copper hydroxide which is insoluble in excess of sodium hydroxide solution.
CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu OH2 + Na2SO4
pale blue ppt colourless
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