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Question
Give four causes of infertility in males.
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Solution 1
- Cryptorchidism: Failure of descend of testis from the abdomen in the scrotum
- Oligospermia: Low sperm count
- Asthenospermia: Decreased motility of sperm
- Hormone Imbalance: Decrease testosterone and excessive estradiol secretion (from adrenal glands) leading to virilism
- Infection: Like orchiditis (Inflammation of testis)
- Impotency: Failure of erection
Solution 2
- Poor sperm production, which may result in too few sperm cells (oligospermia), lack of sperm mobility, or sperms that are deformed or dead.
- Blockage of the tubes between the testes and seminal vesicles, which may be caused by infection or other issues.
- Insufficient or defective fluid from the prostate that is unable to sustain live sperm.
- Other factors such as cryptorchidism (undescended testes), hyperthermia (high temperature in the scrotal sac due to tight undergarments), blockage of vas deferens, alcoholism, infection with mumps virus after puberty, deficiency of gonadotropins, ejaculation defects, and exposure to radiation.
These causes affect sperm quality, quantity, or delivery, leading to male infertility.
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RELATED QUESTIONS
After a brief medical examination a healthy couple came to know that both of them are unable to produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedure involved that you can suggest to them to help them bear a child.
Correct the following statement:
In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
Expand the following.
ICSI
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Trace the events from copulation to zygote formation in a human female.
Placed below are case studies of some couples who were not able to have kids. These couples are not ready for adoption or taking gametes from donors. After thoroughly examining the cases, which Assisted Reproductive Technology will you suggest to these couples as a medical expert? Explain briefly with justification of each case.
| Couple | Test reports of Female partner |
Test reports of male partner |
| Couple 1 | Normal reports | Normal sperms in testes, Missing connection in epididymis and Vas deferens. |
| Couple 2 | Blockage in the fallopian tube | Normal reports |
| Couple 3 | Normal reports | Poor semen parameters in terms of count, motility and morphology. |
| Couple 4 | low ovarian reserve | Normal reports |
| Couple 5 | Sterilization in male | Morphologically abnormal sperms |
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| Zygote | Meiocytes | |
| I | 08 | 08 |
| II | 04 | 08 |
| III | 08 | 04 |
| IV | 04 | 04 |
