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Question
Give an account of mutation breeding with examples.
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Solution
The mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genotype. In mutation breeding, desirable mutations are induced in crop plants with the use of physical or chemical mutagens.
- Natural (physical) mutagens are High temperature, high concentration of CO2, X rays, UV rays.
- Chemical mutagens are Nitrous acid, EMS (Ethyl- Methyl- Sulphonate), Mustard gas, Colchicine, etc.
- Seedlings or seeds are irradiated by CO-60, exposed to UV bulbs, X-ray machines, etc.
- Mutagens cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.
- The treated seedlings are then screened for resistance to diseases/ pests, high yield, etc. e.g. Jagannath variety of rice, NP 836 variety of wheat (rust-resistant), Indore-2 variety of cotton (resistant to bollworm), Regina-II variety of cabbage (resistant to bacterial rot), etc.
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