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प्रश्न
Give an account of mutation breeding with examples.
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उत्तर
The mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genotype. In mutation breeding, desirable mutations are induced in crop plants with the use of physical or chemical mutagens.
- Natural (physical) mutagens are High temperature, high concentration of CO2, X rays, UV rays.
- Chemical mutagens are Nitrous acid, EMS (Ethyl- Methyl- Sulphonate), Mustard gas, Colchicine, etc.
- Seedlings or seeds are irradiated by CO-60, exposed to UV bulbs, X-ray machines, etc.
- Mutagens cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.
- The treated seedlings are then screened for resistance to diseases/ pests, high yield, etc. e.g. Jagannath variety of rice, NP 836 variety of wheat (rust-resistant), Indore-2 variety of cotton (resistant to bollworm), Regina-II variety of cabbage (resistant to bacterial rot), etc.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is ‘biofortification’?
How has the breeding programme helped in improving the public nutritional health? State two examples in support of your answer.
How has mutation breeding helped in improving the production of mung bean crop?
In an agricultural field there is a prevalence of the following organisms and crop diseases which are affecting the crop yield badly:
- White rust
- Leaf and stripe rust
- Black rot
- Jussids
Recommend the varieties of crops the farmers should grow to get rid of the existing problem and thus improve the crop yield.
Describe briefly various steps of plant breeding methods.
Sonora – 64 is a variety of ______.
Give any four advantages of mutation breeding.
The term ‘desirable trait’ can mean different things for different plants. Justify the statement with suitable examples.
Define the term ‘stress’ for plants. Discuss briefly the two types of stress encountered by plants.
What are A, B in the following table:
| Transgenic Crop | Substance | Transgene | |
| (i) | A | Flavonoids | Chalone isomerase |
| (ii) | Rice | B | Ferritin |
