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प्रश्न
Give an account of mutation breeding with examples.
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उत्तर
The mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genotype. In mutation breeding, desirable mutations are induced in crop plants with the use of physical or chemical mutagens.
- Natural (physical) mutagens are High temperature, high concentration of CO2, X rays, UV rays.
- Chemical mutagens are Nitrous acid, EMS (Ethyl- Methyl- Sulphonate), Mustard gas, Colchicine, etc.
- Seedlings or seeds are irradiated by CO-60, exposed to UV bulbs, X-ray machines, etc.
- Mutagens cause gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.
- The treated seedlings are then screened for resistance to diseases/ pests, high yield, etc. e.g. Jagannath variety of rice, NP 836 variety of wheat (rust-resistant), Indore-2 variety of cotton (resistant to bollworm), Regina-II variety of cabbage (resistant to bacterial rot), etc.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How has the mutation breeding helped in improving crop varieties? Give one example where this technique has helped.
How has the breeding programme helped in improving the public nutritional health? State two examples in support of your answer.
Define Osmotic pressure.
Which one of the following crop varieties correct matches with its resistance to disease?
| Variety | Resistance to disease |
| a) Pusa Komal | Bacterial blight |
| b) Pusa Sadabahar | White rust |
| c) Pusa Shubhra | Chilli mosaic virus |
| d) Brassica | Pusa swarnim |
The biggest constraint of plant breeding is:
If a diploid cell is treated with colchicine then it becomes:
The plant which is used for Studying hybrid vigour or heterocyst:
Which one of the following is not a fungal disease?
Life style diseases are increasing alarmingly in India. We are also dealing with large scale malnutrition in the population. Is there any method by which we can address both of these problems together?
Give a reason for the following:
The continuous inbreeding of crops may lead to reduced fertility and productivity. However, the self-pollinated crops do not show the ill-effects of inbreeding.
