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Question
Explain dipole (polar) molecule by taking hydrogen chloride as an example.
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Solution
In hydrogen chloride, the chlorine atom's strong nuclear charge (3 electro-negativity) attracts the shared electron pair, resulting in a slight negative charge (δ−) on the atom. The hydrogen atom (electronegativity 2.1) generates a little positive charge (δ+). Thus, a polar covalent link is produced. This is shown below.
\[\ce{\underset{H-atom}{H^×} + \underset{Cl-atom}{_{\bullet}\overset{\bullet\bullet}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{Cl}^{\bullet}_{\bullet}}}-> H^{×}_{\bullet}\overset{\bullet\bullet}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{Cl}^{\bullet}_{\bullet}}->H^δ+ -> Cl^δ−}\]
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