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Question
Describe the model which states that intellectual activity involves the three interdependent functioning of neurological systems.
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Solution
According to the PASS model, an information processing approach-based hypothesis, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems known as functional units of the brain. These units are responsible for:
- the arousal and attention.
- the simultaneous and successive processing.
- the planning.
Arousal and Attention:
- A person can process information and pay attention to stimuli when they are in an arousal state.
- The ideal level of arousal directs our attention to pertinent components of a problem, while too much or too little excitement impairs performance and attention.
Example:
Arousal helps the individual to focus one's attention on reading, learning and revising the contents of the material to be learnt.
Simultaneous and Successive Processing:
- Simultaneous Processing refers to perceiving relations amongst various concepts and integrate them into meaningful patterns for comprehension. For e.g., in Raven's standard progressive matrices (RSPM Test) choosing appropriate pattern by comprehending relationship.
- Successive Processing refers to recalling information serially so that one recall leads to another recall. For example, learning of digits and letters and multiplication tables.
Planning:
- Planning is engaged when the information is handled and analysed. Reaching the aim and assessing their effectiveness are both part of planning.
- If a plan fails, it is adjusted to meet the needs of the task or situation. To tackle a test scheduled by your teacher, for example, you'd have to make goals, arrange a study programme, request clarification in case of complications, or think of alternative approaches to fulfill your goals.
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This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own, she disappointed her professors.
On the other hand, Radhika did not meet the admission officer’s expectations. She had good grades but low entrance exam scores. However, her letters of recommendation described her as a creative young woman. She could design and implement research work with minimal guidance at college.
Shankar ranked somewhere in between the two students. He was satisfactory on almost every traditional measure of success. But rather than falling somewhere in the middle of his class at college, Shankar proved to be an outstanding student. His strength lay in the ability to not only adapt well to the demands of his new environment but also to modify the environment to suit his needs.
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This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own, she disappointed her professors.
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