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Question
Describe pericardium.
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Solution
- The heart is enclosed in a membranous sac called the pericardium.
- The pericardium is formed of two main layers - outer fibrous and inner serous pericardium.
- Serous pericardium is soft, moist, and elastic. It is formed of squamous epithelium and is further divisible into two layers as a parietal and visceral layer.
- Parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium are separated by a pericardial space.
- This space is filled with pericardial fluid (about 50ml) which acts as a shock absorber and protects the heart from mechanical injuries.
- It also keeps the heart moist and acts as a lubricant.
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