Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Define Hamburger’s phenomenon. Add a note on it.
Advertisements
Solution
Hamburger’s phenomenon or chloride shift refers to diffusion of chloride ions into the RBCs of to maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma.
The rate of formation of carbonic acid inside the RBC is very high as compared to its formation in the plasma. Carbonic acid being unstable almost immediately dissociates into HCO3 − and H+ in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) leading to accumulation of large amount of HCO3 − inside the RBCs.
CO2 + H2O →CA ← H2CO3 →CA ← H+ + HCO3 − It thus, moves out of the RBCs causing an imbalance of the charge inside the RBCs. To maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma, Cl- diffuses into the RBCs.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Describe non-cyclic photophosphorylation with schematic representation. Give its significance.
The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation.
During inspiration, the diaphragm ______.
Which of the following part becomes flat during inspiration?
Which of the following is CORRECT with reference to oxygen dissociation curve?
Which of the following is formed in RBCs when CO2 combines with H2O in presence of carbonic anhydrase?
When you hold your breath, identify the gas changes that occur in blood and would first lead to the urge to breathe.
What is Dead Space?
In HMP shunt, number of molecules of CO2 evolved are ______.
Complete the table:
| Partial pressure of gases |
Alveolar air | Pulmonary Capillaries |
| PP02 104 | mm Hg | ______ |
| PPC02 40 | mm Hg | ______ |
