Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Define Hamburger’s phenomenon. Add a note on it.
Advertisements
उत्तर
Hamburger’s phenomenon or chloride shift refers to diffusion of chloride ions into the RBCs of to maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma.
The rate of formation of carbonic acid inside the RBC is very high as compared to its formation in the plasma. Carbonic acid being unstable almost immediately dissociates into HCO3 − and H+ in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) leading to accumulation of large amount of HCO3 − inside the RBCs.
CO2 + H2O →CA ← H2CO3 →CA ← H+ + HCO3 − It thus, moves out of the RBCs causing an imbalance of the charge inside the RBCs. To maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma, Cl- diffuses into the RBCs.
संबंधित प्रश्न
What is 'photophosphorylation'?
Describe non-cyclic photophosphorylation with schematic representation. Give its significance.
How is the process of respiration different from breathing?
Define total lung capacity.
Explain why you are not able to breathe normally when you are in closed and crowded places?
During inspiration, the inter-costal muscles ____________.
Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because ______.
The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are ______
Listed below are four respiratory capacities (1 - 4) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult
| Respiratory Capacities | Respiratory Volumes |
| 1. Residual volume | 2500 mL |
| 2. Vital capacity | 5500 mL |
| 3. Inspiratory sore volume | 1200 mL |
| 4. Total Lung capacity | 4500 mL |
Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?
Interpret the given diagrams A and B. Enlist the changes occuring, during inspiration and expiration.
