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प्रश्न
Define Hamburger’s phenomenon. Add a note on it.
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उत्तर
Hamburger’s phenomenon or chloride shift refers to diffusion of chloride ions into the RBCs of to maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma.
The rate of formation of carbonic acid inside the RBC is very high as compared to its formation in the plasma. Carbonic acid being unstable almost immediately dissociates into HCO3 − and H+ in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) leading to accumulation of large amount of HCO3 − inside the RBCs.
CO2 + H2O →CA ← H2CO3 →CA ← H+ + HCO3 − It thus, moves out of the RBCs causing an imbalance of the charge inside the RBCs. To maintain the ionic balance between the RBCs and the plasma, Cl- diffuses into the RBCs.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air?
Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is ______.
During exhalation, the ribs ______.
Answer briefly the following:
What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
Vital capacity is ______.
Make the correct pairs.
| Column – I | Column – II |
| (P) Tidal volume | i. 1000 to 1100 ml |
| (Q) Residual volume | ii. 500 ml |
| (R) Expiratory reserve volume | iii. 2500 to 3000 ml |
| (S) Inspiratory reserve volume | iv. 1100 to 1200 ml |
____________ in mammals do not help in respiration.
Observe the figures given in figure (A) and (B) and answer the following.
- Which of the figures A or B indicates the process of inhalation and which the process of exhalation?
- In the figure label the arrows and indicate the direction of
- movement of air
- movement of diaphragm
- movement of ribs
During inspiration, air passes into lungs due to
What is the vital capacity of our lungs?
