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Question
Which of the two is better for washing clothes when the water is hard: soap or detergent? Give reason for your answer.
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Solution
Detergent is better for washing clothes in hard water because it does not form insoluble magnesium or calcium salts (scum) on combining with the calcium or magnesium ions present in the hard water. Soap on the other hand reacts with these calcium and magnesium ions present in the hard water to form insoluble calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids. Therefore, soaps don't lather easily in hard water, while detergents do.
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