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Question
Answer the following in brief :
What are acids and bases according to Arrhenius theory?
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Solution
According to Arrhenius theory, acids and bases are defined as follows:
i. Acid: An acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and gives H+ ions in an aqueous solution.
e.g.
\[\ce{HCl_{(aq)} ->[water]H^+_{ (aq)} + Cl^-_{ (aq)}}\];
\[\ce{CH3COOH_{(aq)}⇌[water] H^+_{ (aq)} + CH3COO^-_{ (aq)}}\]
ii. Base: A base is a substance that contains the OH group and produces hydroxide ions (`"OH"^-` ions) in aqueous solution.
e.g.
\[\ce{NaOH_{(aq)}->[water]Na^+_{ (aq)} + OH^-_{ (aq)}}\];
\[\ce{NH4OH_{(aq)} ⇌[water] NH^+_{ 4(aq)} + OH^-_{ (aq)}}\]
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