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Question
When aqueous ammonia is added to CuSO4 solution, the solution turns deep blue due to the formation of tetramminecopper (II) complex, \[\ce{[Cu(H2O)6]^{2+}_{( aq)} + 4NH3_{( aq)} ⇌ [Cu(NH3)4]^{2+}_{( aq)}}\], among HO2 and NH3 Which is stronger Lewis base.
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Solution
- \[\ce{[Cu(H2O)6]^{2+}_{( aq)} + 4NH3_{( aq)} ⇌ [Cu(NH3)4]^{2+}_{( aq)} + H2}\]
- Nitrogen less electronegative than oxygen and donates its lone pair of electrons readily. Hence NH3 is a stronger Lewis base.
- If a better Lewis base (ligand) is available, a Lewis acid (central metal ion) will react (Ligand exchange reaction)
- In this reaction, H2O is exchanged with NH3.
- The Lewis acid Cu2+ exchanges the Lewis base H with better Lewis base N-H3 to form [Cu(NH3)4]2+
- Hence NH3 is a stronger Lewis base than H2O in this reaction.
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