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Question
Answer in brief.
Explain why p-nitrophenol is a stronger acid than phenol.
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Solution
- In ρ-nitrophenol, nitro group (NO2) is an electron-withdrawing group present at para position which enhances the acidic strength (- I effect). The O – H bond is under strain and release of proton (H+) becomes easy. Further, ρ-nitrophenol ion is more stabilised due to resonance.
- Since the absence of electron-withdrawing group (like –NO2) in phenol at ortho and para position, the acidic strength of phenol is less than that of ρ-nitrophenol.
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