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प्रश्न
The story begins and ends with Iona and his horse. Comment on the significance of this to the plot of the story.
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उत्तर
The story is a satire on how disengaged humans are that one has to find a true companion in an animal. Iona from the beginning of the story is portrayed with his horse. In the beginning, while Iona is struck with his loss and is melancholic, he and his horse stood unmoved. It appeared that they both shared similar grief. Both seemed unaware of their surroundings and of the heavy snow, the horse for being a slave animal, and Iona due to his grief. The story narrates how Iona lashes his frustration by brandishing the horse unnecessarily, yet the horse is faithful to his master. Even by the end of the story, Iona is left unheard and his heavy heart knows no one to release his burden to. He finds solace in the company of his horse again. He goes up to him and gives him hay to munch. While he goes on speaking to the silent animal explaining how he lost his young son. He grieved, now that he is old and poor, to make things worse, he will be having trouble earning. The animal, not sure if understood what his master said, remained silent and heard it all peacefully proving its faithfulness to his master.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
Write a summary of the above passage in about 100 words.
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
The methods of inquiry of history, science, and philosophy are similar.
'Have you come back?' said the woman.'I thought that no one had come back.'
Does this statement give some clue about the story? If yes, what is it?
Why did the author finally give up on his watch?
Discuss in pairs
Ruskin's insistence on looking intensely at words, and assuring oneself of meaning, syllable by syllable – nay, letter by letter.
How did the author feel about her mother's passion to make her a dancer?
How does the nightingale's song plunge the poet into a state of ecstasy?
Read the extract 'Being Neighborly' and complete the following statement:
To Jo, the fine house seemed like ______.
Find from the story one word for the following.
a very narrow passage between buildings ______
Pick out words from the poem to fill in the web diagram. They should be related to the theme in the web.
Say where . . . . . . .
______ do the cows and sheep stand?
Complete the web with the help of adjectives used to describe eyes and nose in all respects. Two are done for you.
You have heard the proverb ‘Plan your work, work your plan’. It means - ________________.
Fill in the web with words related to 'Surgery'.
The drone is given a death sentence because he ______.
An activity:
Speak fast, think faster! Form groups of 4-6. Discuss each of the following topics. Then each person in the group should choose a topic and speak about it for one minute. Try to say as many sentences as you can in that time
What is not likely to happen or will never happen...
‘It won’t rain in the classroom... I won’t ever see a live dinosaur... The sun will never set in the east...’ etc.
Write a short note on the following:
The ‘four signs’ that Prince Siddharth beheld.
In the novel, the Lethargarians give a whole day’s time table of their activities. Can you guess what it would be like?
Use your own ideas and prepare their time table.
Discuss:
In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?
From any collection of classic poetry or the internet, find another famous poem by Robert Frost titled ‘Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening’. Try to understand the symbolism used in that poem in 8-10 lines.
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Taffimai Metallumai
Correct the following sentence and rewrite it.
Papa Panov saw the sweeper, the young mother, and the beggars he had helped only once in the morning.
What did the husband want to buy?
What plans did the wife make?
Find out how the following game is played.
Badminton
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with snowwhite.
Write what the poet is doing.
Does the poet like the experience?
Write the line which tells us about it.
Make a list of the rhyming words in the poem.
Add one more rhyming word of your own to each pair.
What will happen to the bird in imprisonment?
Read the following lines from the poem and answer the question given below.
There's a family nobody likes to meet;
They live, it is said, on Complaining Street
- Where does the family live?
- Why do you think the street is named as ‘Complaining Street’?
From the poem ‘The Grumble Family’ what kind of behavior does the poet want the readers to possess?
There were many toys in the stall. Three of Hamid’s friends had bought some toys.
Write the names of Hamid’s friends in column A and the toys they bought in column B
| A | B |
What do you think are the two most important lessons that the speaker mentions?
When Amma said,'Don’t upset our foreign visitor' she meant______.
Gulliver was the captain of the ship.
Complete the sentence given below with word/phrase.
The whole earth smelled ______ and ______.
Match the planet with its feature.
| 1. | Mars | blue ice giant |
| 2. | Saturn | red storm |
| 3. | Jupiter | red planet |
| 4. | Neptune | ring and moons |
Why did the girl reply haughtily?
How did the aliens know the boys' language?
The battle of Nauranang lasted for three days.
Where did the bird catcher sit?
Take out the correct rhyming pair from the poem and match with the given word.
| 1. | tall | |
| 2. | light | |
| 3. | might |
Answer using Yes or No and pick sentence from the story to support your answer.
Was Robinson alone in the island?
Match the following.
| pale |  |
| tremble |  |
| fainted |  |
Who is incharge of this case?
What does the man have?
The official and his wife liked______.
______is next to parents in care.
Where do ants pile their food?
Do you think it is right for the tanker to take water? Why?
Who lived in the old house?
Why did Bala go to Chennai with his father?
Write the word with same meaning.
post- ______
What subject did he like the most?
List three questions that the little boy asks.
- ______
- ______
- ______
When should we not water the plants?
What did the boy make with the branches of the tree?
What should parents do to ensure the safety of children in cyber space?
Should children be discouraged from playing online games?
