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महाराष्ट्र राज्य शिक्षण मंडळएचएससी विज्ञान (सामान्य) इयत्ता १२ वी

Define surface tension. - Physics

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प्रश्न

Define surface tension.

व्याख्या
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उत्तर

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length acting at right angles to an imaginary line drawn on the free surface of the liquid. 

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पाठ 2: Mechanical Properties of fluids - Short Answer I

व्हिडिओ ट्यूटोरियलVIEW ALL [1]

संबंधित प्रश्‍न

Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a drop of liquid.


A raindrop of diameter 4 mm is about to fall on the ground. Calculate the pressure inside the raindrop. [Surface tension of water T = 0.072 N/m, atmospheric pressure = 1.013 x 105 N/m2 ]


Explain why The angle of contact of mercury with glass is obtuse, while that of water with glass is acute


Explain why Water with detergent dissolved in it should have small angles of contact.


Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each statement

Surface tension of liquids generally . . . with temperatures (increases / decreases)


Mercury has an angle of contact equal to 140° with soda lime glass. A narrow tube of radius 1.00 mm made of this glass is dipped in a trough containing mercury. By what amount does the mercury dip down in the tube relative to the liquid surface outside? Surface tension of mercury at the temperature of the experiment is 0.465 N m–1. Density of mercury = 13.6 × 103 kg m–3


Two narrow bores of diameters 3.0 mm and 6.0 mm are joined together to form a U-tube open at both ends. If the U-tube contains water, what is the difference in its levels in the two limbs of the tube? Surface tension of water at the temperature of the experiment is 7.3 × 10–2 N m–1. Take the angle of contact to be zero and density of water to be 1.0 × 103 kg m–3 (g = 9.8 m s–2)


The total energy of free surface of a liquid drop is 2π times the surface tension of the liquid. What is the diameter of the drop? (Assume all terms in SI unit).


Define surface tension and surface energy.


A body weighs 4.0 kg-wt on the surface of the Earth. What will be its weight on the surface of a plant whose mass is `1/8` th of the mass of the Earth and radius half `(1/2)` of that of the Earth?


Show that the surface tension of a liquid is numerically equal to the surface energy per unit
area.


It is said that a liquid rises or is depressed in capillary due to the surface tension. If a liquid neither rises nor depresses in a capillary, can we conclude that the surface tension of the liquid is zero?


If a mosquito is dipped into water and released, it is not able to fly till it is dry again. Explain 


When the size of a soap bubble is increased by pushing more air in it, the surface area increases. Does it mean that the average separation between the surface molecules is increased?

 

Water near the bed of a deep river is quiet while that near the surface flows. Give reasons.


If more air is pushed in a soap bubble, the pressure in it


Water rises in a vertical capillary tube up to a length of 10 cm. If the tube is inclined at 45°, the length of water risen in the tube will be


A 20 cm long capillary tube is dipped in water. The water rises up to 8 cm. If the entire arrangement is put in a freely falling elevator, the length of water column in the capillary tube will be


When a capillary tube is dipped into a liquid, the liquid neither rises nor falls in the capillary.
(a) The surface tension of the liquid must be zero.
(b) The contact angle must be 90°.
(c) The surface tension may be zero.
(d) The contact angle may be 90°.


A 5.0 cm long straight piece of thread is kept on the surface of water. Find the force with which the surface on one side of the thread pulls it. Surface tension of water = 0.076 N m−1.


The lower end of a capillary tube is immersed in mercury. The level of mercury in the tube is found to be 2 cm below the outer level. If the same tube is immersed in water, up to what height will the water rise in the capillary?


A capillary tube of radius 0.50 mm is dipped vertically in a pot of water. Find the difference between the pressure of the water in the tube 5.0 cm below the surface and the atmospheric pressure. Surface tension of water = 0.075 N m−1.


A drop of mercury of radius 2 mm is split into 8 identical droplets. Find the increase in surface energy. Surface tension of mercury = 0.465 J m−2.


A cube of ice floats partly in water and partly in K.oil (in the following figure). Find the ratio of the volume of ice immersed in water to that in K.oil. Specific gravity of K.oil is 0.8 and that of ice is 0.9. 


A cubical box is to be constructed with iron sheets 1 mm in thickness. What can be the minimum value of the external edge so that the cube does not sink in water? Density of iron = 8000 kg/m3 and density of water = 1000 kg/m3.


A cubical metal block of edge 12 cm floats in mercury with one fifth of the height inside the mercury. Water in it. Find the height of the water column to be poured.
Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6.


A hollow spherical body of inner and outer radii 6 cm and 8 cm respectively floats half-submerged in water. Find the density of the material of the sphere.


A solid sphere of radius 5 cm floats in water. If a maximum load of 0.1 kg can be put on it without wetting the load, find the specific gravity of the material of the sphere.


The energy stored in a soap bubble of diameter 6 cm and T = 0.04 N/m is nearly ______.


Explain the capillary action.


A drop of mercury of radius 0.2 cm is broken into 8 droplets of the same size. Find the work done if the surface tension of mercury is 435.5 dyn/cm.


What will be the shape of the liquid meniscus for the obtuse angle of contact? 


Two soap bubbles have a radius in the ratio of 2:3. Compare the works done in blowing these bubbles.  


Explain the phenomena of surface tension on the basis of molecular theory.


A u-tube is made up of capillaries of bore 1 mm and 2 mm respectively. The tube is held vertically and partially filled with a liquid of surface tension 49 dyne/cm and zero angles of contact. Calculate the density of the liquid, if the difference in the levels of the meniscus is 1.25 cm. take g = 980 cm/s 


Numerical Problem.

A stone weighs 500 N. Calculate the pressure exerted by it if it makes contact with a surface of area 25 cm2.


How does the friction arise between the surfaces of two bodies in relative motion?


The wettability of a surface by a liquid depends primarily on


Explain elasticity using intermolecular forces.


Distinguish between cohesive and adhesive forces.


What are the factors affecting the surface tension of a liquid?


What do you mean by capillarity or capillary action?


What is capillarity?


If the surface tension of a soap solution is 3 × 10-2 N/m then the work done in forming a soap film of 20 cm × 5 cm will be ______.


A large number of liquid drops each of radius 'r' coalesce to form a big drop of radius 'R'. The energy released in the process in converted into kinetic energy of the big drop. The speed of the big drop is ______. (T = surface tension of liquid, p = density of liquid)


Soap solution is used for cleaning dirty clothes because ______.


Why is raindrop spherical in nature?


Eight droplets of water each of radius 0.2 mm coalesce into a single drop. Find the decrease in the surface area.


Two narrow bores of diameter 5.0 mm and 8.0 mm are joined together to form a U-shaped tube open at both ends. If this U-tube contains water, what is the difference in the level of the two limbs, of the tube?

[Take surface tension of water T = 7.3 × 10-2 Nm-1, angle of contact = 0, g = 10 ms-2 and density of water = 1.0 × 103 kgm-3]


In a U-tube, the radii of two columns are respectively r1 and r2. When a liquid of density ρ(θ = 0°) is filled in it, a level difference of h is observed on two arms, then the surface tension of the liquid is ______.


Two blocks of masses m and M are connected by means of a metal wire of cross-sectional area A passing over a frictionless fixed pully as shown in the figure. The system is then released. If M = 2m, then the stress produced in the wire is ______.


The surface tension of soap solution is 25 × 10-3 Nm-1. The excess of pressure inside a soap bubble of diameter 1 cm is ______.


A spherical liquid drop of radius R is divided into eight equal droplets. If surface tension is T, then the work done in this process will be ______.


Find the work done when a drop of mercury of radius 2 mm breaks into 8 equal droplets. [Surface tension of mercury = 0.4855 J/m2].


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