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Product of Two Vectors - Scalar (Or Dot) Product of Two Vectors

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Estimated time: 2 minutes

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Two important properties of scalar product :

Property:
  (Distributivity of scalar product over addition) 
Let `vec a,  vec b` and `vec c` be any three vectors , then `vec a (vec b + vec c) = vec a . vec b + vec a. vec c`

Property:
  Let `vec a` and `vec b` be any two vectors, and l be any scalar. Then
`(lambda vec a). vec b = (lambda vec a).vec b = lambda (vec a . vec b) = vec a . (lambda vec b)`
If two vectors `vec a`  and  `vec b` are given in component form as

`a_1 hat i + a_2hat j + a_3 hat k`  and  `b_1 hat i + b_2hat j + b_3 hat k .`,  then their scalar product is given as
`vec a . vec b` = `(a_1hat i + a_2 hat j + a_3 hat k) . (b_1 hat i + b_2 hat j + b_3 hat k)`
= `a_1hat i . (b_1 hat i + b_2 hat j + b_3 hat k) + a_2 hat j . (b_1 hat i + b_2 hat j + b_3 hat k) + a_3 hat k . (b_1 hat i + b_2 hat j + b_3 hat k)`
= `a_1 b_1 (hat i . hat i) + a_1b_2 (hat i . hat j) +a_1b_3 (hat i . hat k)+a_2b_1 (hat j . hat i) + a_2 b_2 (hat j . hat j) + a_2b_3 (hat j . hat k) + a_3b_1 (hat k . hat i) + a_3b_2 (hat k . hat j) + a_3b_3 (hat k . hat k)`   (Using the above Properties 1 and 2)
= `a_1b_1 + a_2b_2 + a_3b_3 `                            (Using Observation 5)

Thus `vec a . vec b = a_1b_1 + a_2b_2 + a_3b_3`

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