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In the given diagram, a vibrating tuning fork is kept near the mouth of a burette filled with water. The length of the air column is adjusted by opening the tap of the burette. At a length of 5 cm of the air column, a loud sound is heard
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- Name the phenomenon illustrated by the above experiment.
- Why is a loud sound heard at this particular length?
- If the present tuning fork is replaced with a tuning fork of higher frequency, should the length of the air column increase or decrease to produce a loud sound? Give a reason.
Concept: Resonance (a special case of forced vibrations) >> Demonstration of Resonance
Give one reason for the use of ultrasonic waves in echo depth sounding.
Concept: Echo >> Use of Echoes
An electric bulb of 300Ω draws a current of 0.4 A. Calculate the power of the bulb and the potential difference at its ends.
Concept: Electro-Motive Force of a Cell
State two causes of energy loss in a transformer.
Concept: Potential and Potential Difference
The V-I graph for a series combination and for a parallel combination of two resistors is shown in the figure below. Which of the two A or B. represents the parallel combination? Give reasons for your answer.

Concept: Resistance of a System of Resistors >> Resistors in Series
The music system draws a current of 400 mA when connected to a 12 V battery.
- What is the resistance of the music system?
- The music system if left playing for several hours and finally the battery voltage drops and the music system stops playing when the current drops to 320 mA. At what battery voltage does the music system stop playing?
Concept: Ohm's Law >> Ohmic and Non-ohmic Resistors
Calculate the quantity of heat produced in a 20 Ω resistor carrying 2.5 A current in 5 minutes.
Concept: Potential and Potential Difference
A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω is connected with two resistors A and B of resistance 4 Ω and 6 Ω respectively joined in series.

Find:
1) Current in the circuit
2) The terminal voltage of the cell
3) The potential difference across 6Ω Resistor
4) Electrical energy spent per minute in the 4Ω resistor.
Concept: Potential and Potential Difference
What happens to the resistivity of semiconductor with the increase of temperature?
Concept: Internal Resistance of a Cell
Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B.

Concept: Resistance of a System of Resistors >> Resistors in Series
At what frequency is AC supplied to residential houses?
Concept: Electrical Power
The relationship between the potential difference and the current in a conductor is stated in the form of a law.
1) Name the law.
2) What does the slope of V-I graph for a conductor represent?
3) Name the material used for making the connecting wire.
Concept: Ohm's Law
A cell of Emf 2 V and internal resistance 1.2 Ω is connected with an ammeter of resistance 0.8 Ω and two resistors of 4.5 Ω and 9 Ω as shown in the diagram below:

1) What would be the reading on the Ammeter?
2) What is the potential difference across the terminals of the cell?
Concept: Internal Resistance of a Cell
What is consumed using different electrical appliances, for which electricity bills are paid?
Concept: Electrical Power
Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B

Concept: Resistance of a System of Resistors >> Resistors in Series
Two resistors of 4Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel to a cell to draw 0.5 A current from the cell.
(i) Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing the above arrangement.
(ii) Calculate the current in each resistor. What is an Ohmic resistor?
Concept: Resistance of a System of Resistors >> Resistors in Series
Two copper wires are of the same length, but one is thicker than the other. Which wire will have more resistance?
Concept: Electric Resistance
(i) Two sets A and B, of three bulbs each, are glowing in two separate rooms. When one of the bulbs in set A is fused, the other two bulbs also cease to glow. But in set B, when one bulb fuses, the other two bulbs continue to glow. Explain why this phenomenon occurs.
(ii) Why do we prefer arrangements of Set B for house circuiting?
Concept: Resistance of a System of Resistors >> Resistors in Series

