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Urban living brings with it a possibility of various communicable diseases. Now write an article of

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प्रश्न

Urban living brings with it a possibility of various communicable diseases.

Now write an article of about 150 words for a leading newspaper on the various ways of maintaining personal hygiene and sanitation in order to ensure a healthy living. Make use of the hints given below

Hints:

a) Introduction – ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’ – brief explanation

b) Personal hygiene 

(i) Frequent washing of hands and regular bathing

(ii) Brushing of teeth, trimming of nails and hair

(iii)Wearing clean clothes

c) Keeping diseases at bay

(i) Avoid street food

(ii) Keep food containers covered

(iii)Drink boiled water

(iv) Wash fruits and vegetables in flowing water

d) Keeping living areas, surroundings and the environment clean

(i) Disposal of domestic organic waste on a daily basis and hazardous waste in designated places

(ii) Regular sweeping, mopping and dusting

(iii)Disinfection of toilets and bathing areas

(iv) Avoid littering of public places

(v) Avoid spitting, urinating and defecating in public places

e) Conclusion – hygiene – a collective exercise – everyone’s involvement and practice, a must – ensure community health and happiness – celebrate life

संक्षेप में उत्तर
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उत्तर

Introduction:
‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness. This adage shows the importance of cleanliness. Cleanliness is important for a healthy life. If we keep ourselves and our place dean, we can avoid many diseases.

  • Personal Hygiene:
    Our personal hygiene is important. We should wash our hands frequently. Regular bathing is necessary to maintain our hygiene. Brushing of teeth should be done every day before we take our first food. Cutting of nails and hair is also essential. We should always wear clean clothes.
  • Keeping diseases at bay:
    We should avoid street food. Our food should be kept in dosed containers. We should drink only boiled water. Fruits and vegetables should be washed in flowing water.
  • Keeping living areas, surroundings, and the environment clean:
    Our living area and surroundings should be kept clean. Domestic organic waste should be disposed of on daily basis. Our area should be swept, mopped, and dusted regularly. Disinfection lotion should be used in the toilets and bathing area. Littering in public places should be avoided. We should avoid spitting, urinating, and defecating in public places.

Conclusion:
Hygiene is a collective exercise. Everyone’s involvement and practice are needed. If we must ensure a healthy and happy community we can celebrate our life.

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अध्याय 2.1: A Nice Cup of Tea - Writing [पृष्ठ ५०]

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सामाचीर कलवी English Class 12 TN Board
अध्याय 2.1 A Nice Cup of Tea
Writing | Q 2. | पृष्ठ ५०

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The Sherpas were nomadic people who first migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago, through the Nangpa La pass and settled in the Solukhumbu District, Nepal. These nomadic people then gradually moved westward along salt trade routes. During 14th century, Sherpa ancestors migrated from Kham. The group of people from the Kham region, east of Tibet, was called “Shyar Khamba”. The inhabitants of Shyar Khamba, were called Sherpa. Sherpa migrants travelled through Ü and Tsang, before crossing the Himalayas. According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated out of Solukhumbu at different times, giving rise to the four fundamental Sherpa clans: Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa. These four groups have since split into the more than 20 different clans that exist today.

Sherpas had little contact with the world beyond the mountains and they spoke their own language. AngDawa, a 76-year-old former mountaineer recalled “My first expedition was to Makalu [the world’s fifth highest mountain] with Sir Edmund Hillary’’. We were not allowed to go to the top. We wore leather boots that got really heavy when wet, and we only got a little salary, but we danced the Sherpa dance, and we were able to buy firewood and make campfires, and we spent a lot of the time dancing and singing and drinking. Today Sherpas get good pay and good equipment, but they don’t have good entertainment. My one regret is that I never got to the top of Everest. I got to the South Summit, but I never got a chance to go for the top.

The transformation began when the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Edmund Hillary scaled Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary took efforts to build schools and health clinics to raise the living standards of the Sherpas. Thus life in Khumbu improved due to the efforts taken by Edmund Hillary and hence he was known as ‘Sherpa King’.

Sherpas working on the Everest generally tend to perish one by one, casualties of crevasse falls, avalanches, and altitude sickness. Some have simply disappeared on the mountain, never to be seen again. Apart from the bad seasons in 1922, 1970 and 2014 they do not die en masse. Sherpas carry the heaviest loads and pay the highest prices on the world’s tallest mountain. In some ways, Sherpas have benefited from the commercialization of the Everest more than any group, earning income from thousands of climbers and trekkers drawn to the mountain. While interest in climbing Everest grew gradually over the decades after the first ascent, it wasn’t until the 1990s that the economic motives of commercial guiding on Everest began. This leads to eclipse the amateur impetus of traditional mountaineering. Climbers looked after each other for the love of adventure and “the brotherhood of the rope” now are tending to mountain businesses. Sherpas have taken up jobs as guides to look after clients for a salary. Commercial guiding agencies promised any reasonably fit person a shot at Everest.


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