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If the Angles of a Triangle Are 30°, 60°, and 90°, Then Shown that the Side Opposite to 30° is Half of the Hypotenuse, and the Side Opposite to 60° is √ 3 2 Times of the Hypotenuse.

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प्रश्न

If the angles of a triangle are 30°, 60°, and 90°, then shown that the side opposite to 30° is half of the hypotenuse, and the side opposite to 60° is `sqrt(3)/2` times of the hypotenuse.

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उत्तर

Given : In ΔCAB, m∠A=90°, m∠B = 60°, M∠C=30°

To prove : i  AB = `1/2`BC         ii. AC = `sqrt(3)/2 BC`

Construction: Take a point 'D' on ray BA such that AB = AD. join point C to point D. 

Proof: In ΔCBD,

AD= AB                                                                     ....[By construction]

∴ A is the midpoint of seg BD                                  ....(i)

Also, m∠CAB = 90°                                                    ....[Given]

∴ seg CA ⊥ seg BD                                                    .....(ii)

∴ seg CA is the perpendicular bisector of seg BD     ....[From(i) and (ii)]

∴ CD = CB                                                                ...........[By perpendicular bisector theorem]

∴ ΔCDB is an isosceles triangle

∴ ∠CDB ≅ ∠CBD                                                      .....(iii)[By isosceles triangle theorem]

But,∠CBD = 60°                                                       ....(iv) [Given]

∴ ∠CDB = 60°                                                         ....[from (iii) and (iv)]

∴ ∠BCD = 60°                                                        .....[Remaining angle of a triangle ]

∴  ΔCDB is an equilateral triangle                          ....[All angle are 60°]

∴ BD = BC = CD                                                     ....(vi)[Sides of equilateral triabgle ]

   AB = `1/2` BD                                                         .....(vi) [By construction]

   AB = `1/2` BC                                .                       ...(vii) [ From (v) and (vi)]

  In ΔCAB,

 ∠CAB = 90°                                                            ....[Given]

∴ BC2 = AC2+AB2                                                     ............[ By pythagoras theorem]

∴` BC^2 = AC^2 + (1/2 BC)^2`                              ...[From (vii)]

∴`BC^2 = AC^2 +1/4 BC^2`

∴ `AC^2 = BC^2 -1/4 BC^2`

∴ `Ac^2 = (4BC^2-BC^32)/4`

∴ `AC^2 = (3BC^2)/4`

∴ `AC = sqrt(3)/2 BC`                                                 ...[ Taking square root on both sides]

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2013-2014 (October)

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