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प्रश्न
Sing and recite one of the famous folk songs given below.
There is a mountain for away.
And on the mountain stands a tree.
And on the tree, there is a branch.
And on the branch, there is a nest.
And in the nest, there is an egg.
And in the egg, there is a bird
One day the bird will fly.
One day we will be free.
Discuss with your teacher and classmates regarding the changes seen in the underlined words. Find the reasons behind the changes.
- a mountain – the mountain
- a tree – the tree
- a branch – the branch
- a nest – the nest
- an egg – the egg
- a bird – the bird.
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उत्तर
In the above poem, each of these words is preceded, once by a definite article and later by an indefinite article. Each of the nouns given above is referred to as an uncountable arbitrary thing that turns into a specific countable noun in the next line. For example, the poet talks about a non-specific mountain from far away in the first line but when a tree is introduced in the second line it refers to that particular mountain. In any sentence, the noun in question determines the use of articles.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Underline the verbs and arrange them in two columns, Past and Earlier past.
(a) My friends set out to see the caves in the next town, but I stayed at home, because I had seen them already.
(b) When they arrived at the station, their train had left. They came back home, but by that time I had gone out to see a movie!
(c) So they sat outside and ate the lunch I had packed for them.
(d) By the time I returned, they had fallen asleep!
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Past
Earlier past
Change the following sentence into indirect speech.
First soldier: The white soldier gets huge pay, mansions, and servants.
Second soldier: We get a pittance and slow promotions.
Third soldier: Who are the British to abolish our customs?
The first man said that___________________________________
The second soldier remarked that _______________________
The third soldier asked__________________________________
Explain the figure of speech inversion and anastrophe with example.
Form groups and hold debates on the following topics. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each)
Girls cannot do everything that boys do.
Two separate words combine together to make a new word with a different meaning. They form Compound Words. Using a dictionary, find the meaning of the following compound word.
driftwood
List all the adverbs that end with ‘-ly’ from the passage.
Frame simple sentences - statements, questions, requests, orders, permissions, etc. using the modals listed below.
| can, may, shall, will could, might, should, would l must, ought to, used to, need, dare. |
From the passage, find adverbs that end with '-ly'. Find the adjective in each of the adverb.
List all the verbs related to the verb ‘say’ or ‘tell’ from the story. Note where they occur. Rewrite at least 3 of the speeches near which they occur using indirect speech.
Rewrite the following in indirect speech.
….. the words seemed to mean, “Let us do this painful thing while the fit is on us.”
Make meaningful sentences from the following table.
| • She was tired | but | • she finished her homework. |
| • She wanted to buy a car | • she had no money. | |
| • He was angry | • he did not fight. | |
| • He did not know the answer | • he did not copy his friend’s answer. | |
| • They did not have money | • they lived happily. | |
| • He did not read the book | • he knew the story. |
Make meaningful sentences from the following table.
| • She was tired | and | • she finished her homework. |
| • She wanted to buy a car | • she had no money. | |
| • He was angry | • he did not fight. | |
| • He did not know the answer | • he did not copy his friend’s answer. | |
| • They did not have money | • they lived happily. | |
| • He did not read the book | • he knew the story. |
Now try joining the sentences in the two columns using and.
Look at the action words in bold. Identify whether they are either finite or non-finite verb.
| They want to try a new approach. | |
| Trying is easy. | |
| Having tried everything, he gave up. | |
| All I can do is try. | |
| If she tried, she would succeed. |
Write the gerund/infinitive form of the verb in the blank.
Think of your fellow astronauts who wouldn’t hesitate __________ (help) you in time of trouble.
Frame sentence using the prepositional verb given below.
go into
Find the antonym for the underlined word in the following sentence.
Pongo locked the narrator inside the cabin.
Choose the correct option.
We use ______ when something is compulsory, obligatory, and important.
Irine felt cold ______________ she was wearing a winter coat.
Match the words with correct Synonym and Antonym from the table.
| S.No | Word | Synonym | Antonym |
| 1 | wide | privilege | freedom |
| 2 | noble | valiant | public |
| 3 | oppress | valuable | coward |
| 4 | honour | personal | ignoble |
| 5 | worthy | gentle | dishonour |
| 6 | private | broad | narrow |
| 7 | brave | subdue | unworthy |
______ Earth revolves around the sun.
Observe the following call-outs. Reporter (C) has reported the sentences of Speaker (A). Now, help Reporter (C) report the rest of the sentences of Speaker (A).
| A (Speaker) | B (Questioner) | C (Reporter) |
| I have to go. | What did he say? |
He said that he wanted to go. (say) |
| Can you hear me? | What did she say? |
She asked if you could hear her. (ask) |
| Consult the doctor. | What did he say? |
He advised you to consult the doctor (advice) |
| I won’t go to the party. | What did he say? | (say) |
| When did you come? | What did she say? | (ask) |
| Don’t touch the wire. | What did she say? | (warn) |
| What did he say? | ||
| What did he say? |
Ram takes a ______ of soup before food.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb.
Gullivers Travels ___ an excellent story.
Transform the following sentence as instructed.
If Meena reads more, she will become proficient in the language. (into Compound)
Combine the pair of sentence below into simple, complex, and compound.
Radha was ill. She was not hospitalised.
Read the process of making soup. Use suitable passive form of verbs and complete the paragraph.
The packet is opened and the contents (i) __________ with 750 ml of water without allowing it to form lumps. The mixture (ii) __________ into a heavy-bottomed vessel. It (iii)_______ in low flame for five minutes. The soup (iv) _________ into soup bowls and (v) __________ with fried corns.
In 1998, Frank moved to London.
Look at the words in the boxes. Match the words to make as many new words as possible. One is done for you. Eg. out house.
| out | root |
| river | wall |
| water | garden |
| flower | garden |
| sun | hill |
| aerial | bed |
| busy | sill |
| window | house |
| foot | shine |
| compound | fall |
Look at the punctuation of these sentence. Why are they punctuated differently? Discuss in class.
But no one ever comes here!
Complete the Conditional Sentence. Decide whether to use Type I, II, or III.
If they had gone for a walk, they __________ (turn) the lights off.
Complete the words by reading their meaning.
s _re _ _ - shout
Look at the picture and fill in the blank with suitable word.
Suguna______helps her mother at home.
Look at the picture and choose the correct plural word.
Child
Look at the picture and choose the correct plural word.
Man
Match the clipped word and write it on the line.
| 1. | spectacles | auto |
| 2. | microphone | math |
| 3. | automobile | cent |
| 4. | mathematics | mic |
| 5. | centum | specs |
You __________ to your uncle’s house. (be)
Choose the correct one to show future perfect tense.
I _________ (finish) this book.
Mark (✓) if it is past perfect tense and (x) future perfect tense.
Muthu will have returned from Srilanka by next month.
Fill in the blank.
______ old man
Fill in the blank choosing the word from the box. Refer to a dictionary if required.
Peter always refuses alcohol, when it is offered to him at parties and takes a soft drink instead. He says he always has abstained and will always abstain from alcohol as it is a matter of principle for him. We can call Peter a ______.
Write the process of wrapping a Christmas gift in a paragraph in passive form, with the help of the pictures given below.
Add appropriate question tag to the following sentence.
They can substantially reduce the cost of mobility and congestion.
Look at the following words and classify them according to their fields.
| clinical, orthopedic, dividend, operations, fertile, Carnatic, diagnostics, industries, keyboard, hacker, desktop, vocal, cultivation, organic, unplugged, disease, harvest, livestock, mother-board, investment, internet, proxy, recycle bin, orchestra, trade, hip-hop, uprooting, guitar, cure, contracts |
| Music | |||
| Agriculture | |||
| Computer | |||
| Commerce | |||
| Medicine |
Read the list of words formed by adding suffixes.
| frequently | satisfaction | willingness |
| comfortable | resemblance | nobility |
Form two derivatives from each of the following words by adding prefixes and suffixes.
| Word | Prefix | Suffix |
| patient | patient | patiently |
| honour | ||
| respect | ||
| manage | ||
| fertile | ||
| different | ||
| friend | ||
| obey |
Choose the correct options and complete the dialogue.
| A | : Hello. What do you watch/are you watching? |
| B | A programme about the Jallian Wala Bagh Massacre, which I recorded last night. I study/ I’m studying about it this term. |
| A | All that I know/ I’ve known about it is that hundreds of people died/had died in it. |
| B | Yes, it was much, much worse than anyone has expected/had expected. It went on/has gone on for hours. Do you want/Have you wanted to watch the programme with me? |
| A | No, thanks. I’ve got to do some veena practice. I’ve just remembered/I just remembered that we’ve got a concert tomorrow, and I don’t have/ haven’t had time to practise my new piece this week. |
| B | OK. I’ve already done / I already did my practice, so I’ve got time to watch TV. See you later. |
Read what these people say and rewrite as sentence.
We will go shopping tomorrow.
Joseph and Mary ______
Find out the antonym of the underlined word in each of the following sentence.
Predicting the arrival of visitors…
Choose the appropriate linker from within the options and complete the sentence.
______ my father arrived home, I narrated the incident.
Combine the sentence and rewrite them using the word given in the bracket.
The boys were stealing mangoes from a grove. At that time, the owner of the grove came in.(while)
Change the following sentence into Passive Voice.
The Governor inaugurated the exhibition at ten o’clock.
Fill the empty boxes with suitable words under each word class.
| NOUN | VERB | ADJECTIVE | ADVERB |
| amusement | |||
| appreciate | |||
| proudly | |||
| hopeful |
Read the following sentence and fill in the blank.
We ______ (select) story books for kids, if we allot time for storytelling.
Rewrite the following sentence using ‘If ’ without changing the meaning.
The rescue team would not have saved the victims unless they had received the call in time.
Underline the gerund in the following sentence.
Painting is an interesting hobby
Rewrite the following using a complete word instead of a contracted form.
I wouldn’t throw it away.
We have seen that clauses are parts of a sentence, and they are classified as main and subordinate or dependent clauses. Dependent clauses can be further classified as follows according to the work they do in a sentence.
How do we decide whether a clause is a noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause? There is a simple rule - we can replace an adverb clause with an adverb, an adjective clause with an adjective and a noun clause with a noun.
Look at the following examples -
- But I don’t know the answer. (Noun)
But I don’t know what they want. (Noun clause) - He told us a funny story. (Adjective)
He told us a story that was funny. (Adjective clause) - They went away. (Adverb)
They went when you were talking to your friend. (Adverb clause)
Now complete the following on your own :
- But I don’t know ____________.
- He told us ____________.
- They went ____________.
Complete the following sentence using your own ideas:
I did not know what ______.
Write compound word using the pictures.
 |
+ |  |
| ______ | ||
Write compound word using the picture.
 |
+ |  |
| ____________ | ||
