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प्रश्न
Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of C to Pb.
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उत्तर १
The electronic configuration of group 14 elements is ns2 np2. Therefore, the most common oxidation state exhibited by them should be +4. However, the +2 oxidation state becomes more and more common on moving down the group. C and Si mostly show the +4 state. On moving down the group, the higher oxidation state becomes less stable. This is because of the inert pair effect. Thus, although Ge, Sn, and Pb show both the +2 and + 4 states, the stability of the lower oxidation state increases and that of the higher oxidation state decreases on moving down the group.
| Group 14 element | Oxidation state |
| C | +4 |
| Si | +4 |
| Ge, Sn, Pb | +2, +4 |
उत्तर २
The common oxidation states are +4 and +2. Stability of +4 oxidation state decreases from C to Pb. Details can be seen from the text part.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of B to Tl.
Explain the following reaction.
Silicon is heated with methyl chloride at high temperature in the presence of copper.
Explain why is there a phenomenal decrease in ionisation enthalpy from carbon to silicon?
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
Tl2O3
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
B2O3
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
CO2
Classify the following oxide as neutral, acidic, basic or amphoteric:
PbO2
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
B2O3
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
SiO2
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
CO2
Write suitable chemical equations to show the nature of the following oxide.
PbO2
Catenation i.e., linking of similar atoms depends on size and electronic configuration of atoms. The tendency of catenation in Group 14 elements follows the order:
The linear shape of CO2 is due to:
(i) sp3 hybridisation of carbon.
(ii) sp hybridisation of carbon.
(iii) pπ – pπ bonding between carbon and oxygen.
(iv) sp2 hybridisation of carbon.
Give reasons for the following:
CCl4 is immiscible in water, whereas SiCl4 is easily hydrolysed.
Explain the following:
Carbon shows catenation property but lead does not.
The principal ore of lead is ______.
Which one of the following compounds of Group–14 elements is not known?
