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प्रश्न
Define a homologous series. Give the name and structural formula of one homologue of the following:
CH3OH
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उत्तर
Homologous series: A series of organic compounds having similar structures and chemical properties and in which the successive compounds differ by -CH2 group is called a homologous series. A homologue of CH3OH will differ by the -CH2 group; therefore, methanol's successive homologue will be ethanol (C2H5OH).
The structural formula of ethanol is as follows:
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of homologous series having general formula CnH2n + 2.
Write the molecular formula of two consecutive members of homologous series of aldehydes. State which part of these compounds determines their
- physical and
- chemical properties
Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group -Cl.
Give the structural formula for 1, 2-dichloroethane
Fill in the following blank with suitable word:
Carbon compounds have usually ... melting points and boiling points because they are ...... in nature.
Give the molecular formula of one homologue of the following:
C3H6
Write the names and formulae for the first three members of the homologous series for chloroalkanes.
The molecular formula of an organic compound is C18H36. Name its homologous series.
The number of carbon atoms present in the molecule of fifth member of the homologous series of alkynes is:
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) seven
A colourless organic liquid X of molecular formula C2H4O2 turns blue litmus to red. Another colourless organic liquid Y of molecular formula C3H6O has no action on any litmus but it is used as a nail polish remover. A yet another colourless organic liquid Z of molecular formula C2H6O has also no action on litmus but it is used in tincture of iodine.
(a) Name the liquid X. To which homologous series does it belong? Give the name of another member of this homologous series.
(b) Name the liquid Y. To which homologous series does it belong? Write the name of another member of this homologous series.
(c) Can you name an organic compound having the same molecular formula as liquid Y but which belongs to a different homologous series? What is this homologous series?
(d) Name the liquid Z. To which homologous series does it belong? Write the name of another member of this homologous series.
Give the names and the structural formula of the first three members of the homologous series of alkanes.
What is homologous series ?
Copy and complete the following table, which relates to the three homologous series of hydrocarbons:
| General formula | CnH2n | CnH2n-2 | CnH2n+2 |
| IUPAC name of the homologus series | |||
| Characteristic bond type | Single bonds | ||
| IUPAC name of the first member of the series | |||
| Type of reaction with chlorine | Addition |
What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two adjacent homologues:
(i) In terms of molecular mass
(ii) In terms of number and kind of atoms per molecule?
Complete the correlation:
Alkene : C = C :: Alkyne: _______.
The phenomenon in which compounds having different structural formulae have the same molecular formula is called _______.
Saturated hydrocarbon : Single bond : : Unsaturated hydrocarbon : _______
Observe the structural formula and answer the following questions.
- Write the name of the given hydrocarbon.
- The given hydrocarbon is included in which type of hydrocarbon?
- What is the kind of compounds with the above characteristic structure called?
Study and complete the following table:
| Homologous series | Alkane | Alkyne |
| General formula | CnH2n+2 | 1. ______ |
| IUPAC name | 2. ______ | Ethyne |
| Common name | Marsh gas | 3. ______ |
