हिंदी
CISCEISC (Arts) Class 12
प्रश्न पत्र३७२
पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तर१६६८१
महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न एवं उत्तर५८८५
अवधारणा स्पष्टीकरण और वीडियो९५३
समय सारणी१५
पाठ्यक्रम

Overview of Rural Settlements

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Estimated time: 12 minutes
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Distinction between Rural and Urban Settlements

Basis Rural Settlements Urban Settlements
Occupation Primary activities (agriculture). Secondary & tertiary activities (industry, services).
Size & Population Small size; low population. Large size; minimum 5,000 people.
Density Low density. Minimum 400 persons per sq. km.
Facilities Few modern facilities. Well-developed facilities.
Nature Villages, small houses. Towns, cities, metros.
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Distinction Between Rural Population and Urban Population

Basis Rural Population Urban Population
Residence Lives in villages and hamlets. Lives in towns and cities.
Occupation Primary activities (agriculture, mining, forestry). Secondary & tertiary activities (industry, trade, services).
Social Life Close-knit and traditional society. Loose social relations, less interaction.
Environment Clean and less polluted. High pollution and congestion.
Facilities Limited modern facilities. Better health, education and sanitation facilities.
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Rural Settlements

  • Rural settlement consists of houses, streets and surrounding farmland; village is the most common type.
  • Rural settlements are of three types:
    (i) Clustered (nucleated)
    (ii) Semi-clustered
    (iii) Dispersed (isolated).
  • Clustered settlements have compact houses close to each other, usually found in fertile plains.
  • Semi-clustered settlements have a small central village with hamlets spread around it.
  • Dispersed settlements have scattered houses over a large area with no clear plan.
  • Physical factors like relief, climate, soil and water supply influence settlement type (e.g., houses cluster around water in dry areas).
  • Ethnic, cultural and historical factors also affect settlement patterns; caste system and need for protection led to compact settlements in some regions.
CISCE: Class 12

Key Points: Distribution of Rural Settlements and Its Pattern in India

  • Nucleated settlements are common in the fertile North Indian Plains (Punjab to West Bengal) and other well-watered regions like Assam, Odisha, and Cauvery basin.
  • Dispersed settlements are mainly found in hilly, forested and tribal areas such as Himalayas, Chotanagpur Plateau, north-east states and parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
  • Linear pattern villages develop along roads, rivers, railway lines or coasts; common in Manipur, Nagaland and coastal fishing areas.
  • Circular pattern settlements grow around ponds or lakes; found in Upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab and parts of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
  • Rectangular (checkerboard) pattern develops where roads meet; common in Northern Plains and South Indian states.
  • India had 6,40,867 villages (2011 Census); most villages have less than 1,000 people. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of villages.
  • In hill areas settlements are mostly dispersed, in plains mostly nucleated, and in coastal areas mainly linear fishing villages.
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