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Equations of Tangents and Conditions of Tangency for Conic Sections

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Estimated time: 3 minutes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Tangents and Conditions of Tangency for Conic Sections

Conic sections Eccentricity Equation of the curve Equation of the tangent at a point (x₁, y₁) on it Equation of tangents with slope m Point of contact Condition of tangency
Circle x² + y² = a² xx₁ + yy₁ = a² \[y=\mathrm{mx}\pm\sqrt{\mathrm{a}^{2}\mathrm{m}^{2}+\mathrm{a}^{2}}\] \[\left(\frac{-\mathbf{a}^2\mathbf{m}}{\mathbf{c}},\frac{\mathbf{a}^2}{\mathbf{c}}\right)\] c² = a²m² + a²
Parabola e = 1 y² = 4ax yy₁ = 2a(x + x₁) \[y=\mathrm{m}x+\frac{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{m}}\] \[\left(\frac{\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{m}^{2}},\frac{2\mathrm{a}}{\mathrm{m}}\right)\] \[c=\frac{a}{m}\]
Ellipse 0 < e < 1 \[\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1\] (a > b) \[\frac{xx_{1}}{a^{2}}+\frac{yy_{1}}{b^{2}}=1\] \[y=\mathrm{mx}\pm\sqrt{\mathrm{a}^{2}\mathrm{m}^{2}+\mathrm{b}^{2}}\] \[\left(\frac{-a^{2}m}{c},\frac{b^{2}}{c}\right)\] c² = a²m² + b²
Hyperbola e > 1 \[\frac{x^2}{\mathrm{a}^2}-\frac{y^2}{\mathrm{b}^2}=1\] \[\frac{xx_1}{a^2}-\frac{yy_1}{b^2}=1\] \[y=\mathrm{mx}\pm\sqrt{\mathrm{a}^{2}\mathrm{m}^{2}-\mathrm{b}^{2}}\] \[\left(\frac{-\mathbf{a}^{2}\mathbf{m}}{\mathbf{c}},\frac{-\mathbf{b}^{2}}{\mathbf{c}}\right)\] c² = a²m² − b²
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