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State two advantages and two disadvantages of the reflecting periscope.
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Write down four characteristics of image formed in a plane mirror.
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How many images will be formed when an object is placed between two parallel plane mirrors with their reflecting surfaces facing each other? Why do more distant images appear fainter?
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Describe the principle of simple periscope through an outline ray diagram. Give one of its uses.
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Draw diagrams to show the difference between regular and irregular reflection.
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An object is placed 2 cm from a plane mirror. If the object is moved by 1 cm towards the mirror, what will be the distance between the object and its new image?
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An object 3 cm high produces a real image 4.5 cm high when placed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave mirror. Calculate:
- the position of image
- focal length of the concave mirror.
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An object 1.5 cm high when placed in front of a concave. the mirror produces a virtual image 3 cm high. If the object is placed at a distance of 6 cm from the pole of the mirror, calculate:
- the position of the image
- the focal length of the mirror.
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A converging mirror, forms three times magnified virtual image when an object is placed at a distance of 8 cm from it. Calculate:
- the position of the image
- the focal length of the mirror.
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The base of the cylindrical vessel measures 300 cm2. Water is poured into it up to a depth of 6 cm. Calculate the pressure of water on the base in the vessel.
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Pressure in a water pipe on the ground floor of a building is 100,000 Pa. Calculate the pressure in the water pipe on the first floor at a height of 3 m. [Density of water = 1000 kgm−3 ; g = 10 ms−2]
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Copy the figure. By taking two rays from point A, show the formation of image. State four characteristics of the image.

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A beaker contains a liquid of density ‘ρ’ up to height ‘h’ such that ‘PA’ is atmospheric pressure and ‘g’ is the acceleration due to gravity. Answer the following questions:
- What is the pressure on the free surface of the liquid?
- What is the pressure on the base of the beaker?
- What is the lateral pressure at the base on the inner walls of the beaker?
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Draw a neat two ray diagram to illustrate how a concave mirror is used as a shaving mirror.
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Calculate the hydrostatic pressure exerted by water at the bottom of a beaker. Take the depth of water as 40 cm, the density of water 1000 kgm−3 and g = 9.8 ms−2.
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Copy the figure. By taking two rays from point A, show the formation of image. State four characteristics of the image.

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Why do automobile drivers prefer convex mirror as a rear vew mirror? Illustrate your answer.
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You are provided a convex mirror, a concave mirror and a plane mirror. How will you distinguish between them, without touching or using any other apparatus?
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