Commerce (English Medium) Class 12 - CBSE Question Bank Solutions

‘Manufacturing Industry’

Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.

• “Manufacturing involves value addition.” Explain with any one suitable example.

‘Manufacturing Industry’

Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.

• Name two industries which provide services rather than production of goods.

Given below are the steps to generate geothermal energy. Arrange the following in correct sequence:

1. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth's surface, it turns into steam.
2. Groundwater in such areas (where the geothermal gradient is high) absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot.
3. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.
4. Geothermal energy exists, because the earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth.

I. The WTO however has been criticized and opposed by those who are worried about the effects of Free trade and economic globalization.

II. Free trade does not make ordinary people‟s lives more prosperous.

What is meant by the density of population?

How is 'Naturalisation of Humans' different from 'Humanisation of Nature'?

"The approaches to the study of human geography have been evolving over a period of time". How have these schools of thought changed the approaches of study to human geography?

Justify the tremendous growth of the Service Sector in developed and developing countries than the manufacturing sector? Explain giving suitable examples.

Read the following approaches of human geography and choose the correct option of the chronological order: 

1. Exploration and description
2. Spatial organisation
3. Areal differentiation
4. Regional analysis

Which one of the following is the sub-field of 'social geography'?

Which among the followings is NOT the correct feature of rural settlements? 

"Broadly 90 percent of the world population lives in about 10 percent of its land area." Examine the statement in context of patterns of population distribution in the world.

Explain any five factors affecting the location of industries in the world.

Analyse the five basis of international trade in the world.

Sub-field of political geography is ______.

Sub-field of Economic geography is ______.

"Undertaking international trade is mutually beneficial to nations." Justify the statement.

Who, among the following economists created the Human Development Index in the year 1990? 

Which of the following is NOT a key area in human development? 

Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have a low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.