Definitions [2]
Define rubber.
Polymers which are elastic in nature are called rubber.
Answer the following in one sentence.
Define the term: Vulcanization
The process by which a network of cross-links is introduced into an elastomer is called vulcanization.
Key Points
Key Points: Classification of Polymers> Based on Source or Origin
- Polymers are classified based on their source or origin into three types: natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers.
- Natural polymers are obtained from plants and animals, such as cellulose, starch, proteins, cotton, and silk.
- Semi-synthetic polymers are chemically modified forms of natural polymers, e.g., cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate (rayon).
- Synthetic polymers are man-made and prepared in laboratories by polymerisation, such as nylon, polythene, Teflon, and Bakelite.
- Synthetic polymers are further used to make fibres, rubbers, and plastics, which have wide industrial applications.
Key Points: Some Important Polymers
| Polymer | Monomer(s) | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Rubber (Polyisoprene) | Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) | Exhibits elastic property |
| Neoprene | Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) | Conveyer belts |
| Buna-S | 1,3-Butadiene + Styrene | Bubblegums, tyres |
| Buna-N | 1,3-Butadiene + Acrylonitrile | Rubber belts, shoe soles, O-rings, gaskets |
| Polypropene | Propene | Ropes, toys, pipes, fibres |
| Polystyrene | Styrene | Insulator, wrapping material, toys, radio & TV cabinets |
| PVC | Vinyl chloride | Rain coats, handbags, vinyl flooring, water pipes |
| Glyptal | Ethylene glycol + Phthalic acid | Paints and lacquers |
| Bakelite | Phenol + Formaldehyde | Combs, phonograph records, electrical switches, wooden planks |
| Nylon 6,6 | Adipic acid + Hexamethylenediamine | Fabrics, ropes, tyre cords |
| Nylon 6 | ε-Caprolactam | Fabrics, ropes |
| Terylene / Dacron | Ethylene glycol + Terephthalic acid | Fibres, safety belts, tents |
| Melamine-formaldehyde | Melamine + Formaldehyde | Unbreakable crockery |
| Urea-formaldehyde resin | Urea + Formaldehyde | Unbreakable cups, laminated sheets |
Key Points: Classification of Polymers> Based on Biodegradability
Polymers are classified as biodegradable or non-biodegradable based on their biodegradability.
1. Biodegradable Polymers
- Meaning: Polymers that decompose by microorganisms or enzymes.
- Nature: Environment-friendly, as they break down naturally.
- Examples: PHBV, Nylon-2–Nylon-6.
- Special point: PHBV is a copolymer used in packaging, medical devices, and drug delivery.
- Use: Helps reduce environmental pollution.
2. Non-Biodegradable Polymers
- Meaning: Polymers that do not decompose by microorganisms.
- Nature: Persist in the environment for a long time.
- Examples: Polythene (LDPE, HDPE), Teflon, Nylon-6,6, PAN.
- Use: Widely used in plastics, fibres, containers, insulation, etc.
- Disadvantage: Causes environmental pollution due to slow decomposition.
Important Questions [41]
- What are elastomers?
- 0.1 mole of Buckminster Fullerene Contains How Many Kg of Carbon? [Atomic Mass of Carbon = 12]
- Explain the Given Terms : Elastomers
- Distinguish Between Thermoplastic Polymers and Thermosetting Polymers.
- Explain the Given Terms: Homopolymers
- How are polythene and neoprene prepared?
- Write the molecular formula and structural formula of BHA and BHT.
- Write Chemical Reactions to Prepare the Following Polymers :
- Amongst the followings, identify a copolymer?
- Write the structure and name of monomer of Natural rubber.
- Write any ‘two’ uses of terylene.
- Write the reactions involved in the preparation of PVC
- Write the Chemical Reaction to Prepare Novolac Polymer.
- Explain the Following Term: Homopolymers
- Bakelite is the Polymer of
- Write the Formulae of the Raw Materials Used for Preparation Of Dextran.
- The Zieglar-natta Catalyst is Used in the Preparation of
- Write the structure of melamine.
- Draw the Structures of Veronal and Thymine.
- Answer the following in one sentence. Define the term: Vulcanization
- Write a chemical reaction for the preparation of the following polymer. polyacrylonitrile
- The monomer of natural rubber is ______.
- The monomer used in preparation of teflon is ______.
- Write the structure and name of the monomer of Nylon-6.
- How Are the Following Polymers Prepared? Orlon
- Write a Note on Aldol Condensation.
- What are thermoplastic polymers?
- Write the reaction for the preparation of Nylon-6.
- Explain the Preparation and Uses of Nylon-2-nylon-6.
- Write Chemical Reaction to Prepare the Following Polymer : Nylon - 6
- How is Terylene Prepared?
- How is Nylon 6, 6 prepared?
- Which of the Following is Polyamide ?
- Write the Formulae of the Raw Materials Used for Preparation Of Buna-s
- Write Names and Chemical Formulae of Monomers Used in Preparing Buna-S.
- Write Names and Chemical Formulae of Monomers Used in Preparing Buna-n.
- What is Natural Rubber?
- Write the name of biodegradable polyamide copolymer.
- Write the reactions involved in the preparation of Teflon.
- Write Chemical Reaction to Prepare the Following Polymer : Teflon
- Reactions involved in the preparation of Orlon
Concepts [12]
- Introduction to Polymers
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Source or Origin
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Addition Polymerisation or Chain Growth Polymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Copolymerisation
- Some Important Polymers
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Condensation Polymerisation Or Step Growth Polymerisation
- Nylon 6
- Nylon 66
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Rubber
- Classification of Polymers> Based on Biodegradability
- Preparation of Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon)
- Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile
